| 释义 |
▪ I. superˈsaturate, n. rare—1.
[f. next.]
A supersaturated state (in quot. fig.).
1860Emerson Cond. Life, Power Wks. (Bohn) II. 338 Success..rarely found in the right state for an article of commerce, but oftener in the supersaturate or excess, which makes it dangerous.
▪ II. superˈsaturate, v.
[super- 9 b; after F. sursaturer.]
trans. To saturate to excess; to add more of some other substance to (a given substance) than is sufficient to saturate it: chiefly in Chem. and Physics (cf. saturate v. 3, 4). Const. with.
1788Keir in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 325 When the acid has been completely saturated, or perhaps supersaturated, by..alternate evaporation to dryness, and re-dissolution in water. 1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 342 We could have no rain, unless the air were supersaturated with water, as it would part only with what it could not retain in solution. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 333 According to him [sc. Macquer], prussian blue is nothing else than iron supersaturated with phlogiston. 1854F. C. Bakewell Geol. 45 The water would become super-saturated, and the salt be deposited. 1857Livingstone Trav. xxiv. 475 The plains, which in October and November were well moistened,..now become supersaturated. 1863Tyndall Heat v. 153 The liquid is..supersaturated with sulphate of soda.
refl.1789J. Pilkington View Derbysh. I. vi. 263 Water by a large quantity of calcareous gas will thus in close vessels super-saturate itself with lime.
absol.1801Phil. Trans. XCI. 197 note, That chymist supersaturates by nitric acid. 1839–47Todd's Cycl. Anat. III. 803/2 Supersaturating with nitric acid, and precipitating by a salt of baryta as usual.
b. fig.
1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 264 Saturated as he [sc. Coke] was, and super-saturated, with law learning. 1828Southey in Q. Rev. XXXVII. 219 Mr. Hallam, supersaturated as he is with malevolence toward the Anglican church. 1863R. F. Burton Abeokuta II. 95 The members, supersaturated with Exeter Hall influences. 1911Fishberg Jews xxiii. 551 The Spanish nation of to-day is supersaturated with ‘Jewish blood’.
Hence superˈsaturating vbl. n.
1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. i. 22 Its amount may be determined by..filtering, supersaturating with ammonia. |