| 释义 |
ˌsuperorˈganic, a. (and n.) Sociol.
[super- 4 a.]
Applied to the social and cultural aspects of life which evolve from and transcend the individuals in society. Also absol. as n.; occas. transf.
1862Spencer First Princ. ii. xiv. §3. (1875) 316 Phenomena which, for want of a better word, we may term super-organic. 1876― Princ. Sociol. (1877) I. 3 The four Volumes, that have followed First Principles, have dealt with Organic Evolution... We have now to enter upon the remaining division—Superorganic Evolution. 1917A. L. Kroeber in Amer. Anthropol. XIX. 163 (title) The superorganic. 1932A. Raven (title) Civilization as divine superman. A superorganic philosophy of history. 1962E. E. Evans-Pritchard Ess. Social Anthropol. ii. 34 Spencer clearly formulated the theory of gradual modification of species or structure..and..extended his evolutionary ideas to include the social or super-organic. 1968Internat. Encycl. Social Sci. XV. 124/2 It was Spencer who coined the term ‘superorganic’, which, following its use by Kroeber in 1917 in his article ‘The Superorganic’, has been accepted as designating the unique and distinct elements in human behavior, and therefore as synonymous with ‘culture’. 1973P. A. Colinvaux Introd. Ecol. xl. 550 A first grand generalization was the persuasive philosophy of Clements and his disciples..who likened the climax stage to some super⁓organic being. |