| 释义 |
supernatant, a. and n.|s(j)uːpəˈneɪtənt|
[ad. L. supernatant-, -ans, pr. pple. of supernatāre: see super- 2 and natant.]
A. adj.
a. Swimming above, floating on the surface (as a lighter liquid on a heavier).
1661Boyle Certain Physiol. Ess. (1669) 244 Whilst the substance continu'd fluid, I could shake it,..with the super⁓natant Menstruum, without making between them any..lasting Union. 1782Withering in Phil. Trans. LXXII. 329 The powdery parts are allowed to subside until the supernatant liquor becomes clear. 1826Henry Elem. Chem. II. 133 When the silver has entirely precipitated,..the clear supernatant liquor is to be poured off. 1839Penny Cycl. XV. 217/2 Milk from which the supernatant fluid, or cream, has been removed is termed skim-milk. 1867J. Hogg Microsc. i. iii. 227 After allowing the precipitate to settle for a day, draw off the clear supernatant fluid with a syphon. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 424 A grayish-white deposit of pus with a supernatant cloud of mucus.
b. Said of that part of a floating body that is above the surface.
a1687Petty Treat. Naval Philos. i. i, The supernatant part of the Ship. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 154. 1867 Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Supernatant part of a ship... This was formerly expressed by the name dead-work.
c. fig.
1903F. W. H. Myers Human Pers. I. 351 Certain disintegrated elements in the primary supernatant consciousness.
B. n. Biol. and Med. A supernatant substance.
1922Brit. Med. Jrnl. 19 Aug. 297/2 To this high refinement..Otto, Munter, and Winkler attribute the potency of their products as compared with supernatants obtained by the centrifuge only. 1955New Biol. XIX. 91 The supernatant is decanted and again spun usually at about 10,000 to 20,000 g for twenty minutes. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 192/2 The supernatants were decanted into plastic counting vials and mixed with 10ml Instagel. |