| 释义 |
▪ I. ratch, n.1 Mech.|rætʃ|
Also 7 Sc. ratsche, 8 roch, 8–9 rash.
[Var. of ratchet; the precise history of the form is not clear. Cf. G. ratsche, rätsche; also ratschborer ratchet-drill, ratschscheibe ratchet-wheel.]
†1. Sc. = firelock 1. Obs. rare.
1620D. Wedderburn Compl. Buik (S.H.S.) 73, I have directit James to bring me hame a ratsche of a gun of fyve quarter lenth. 1657S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 18 Some had guns with rusty ratches.
2. A ratchet.
1721Bailey, Ratch [in a Watch] are the small Teeth at the Bottom of the Barrel, which stop it in winding up. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 502 The spring..must not be altered by the ratches' click. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1881/2 Ratch, a rack-bar with inclined angular teeth between which a pawl drops.
3. A ratchet-wheel; spec. in clock-work.
1721Bailey, Ratch, [in Clock-Work] a Sort of Wheel, which serves to lift up the Detents every Hour, and to make the Clock strike. 1741Ettrick in Phil. Trans. XLI. 563 The Roch, or snagged Wheel, being..accounted as Part of the great Wheel. 1780Encycl. Brit. (ed. 2) IX. 6635/2 Ratch, or rash, in clock-work, a sort of wheel having twelve fangs [etc., as in Bailey]. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1881/2 A circular ratch is a ratchet-wheel.
b. So ratch-wheel.
1741Ettrick in Phil. Trans. XLI. 567 The Roch-wheel to be cut with 48 Teeth. 1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 314 The other end..by the motion of the arm G, is made to move the ratch-wheel.
▪ II. † ratch, n.2 Obs. rare—1.
? = rack n.1 3.
1562T. Phaer æneid v. O iv, Down sinck the surging waues..; from al the heauen the ratches flies.
▪ III. ratch, n.3 Naut.
[f. ratch v.1]
A reach.
1885Daily Tel. 19 Aug. (quoted in Cassell's Encycl. Dict.).
▪ IV. ratch
hunting-dog: see rache1.
▪ V. ratch
white mark: see rache2.
▪ VI. ratch
erron. form of rotch.
▪ VII. ratch, v.1 Obs. exc. dial.|rætʃ|
Also 4–6 rachche, 5 ratche.
[Back-form. from raught, pa. tense of reach v.1, on anal. of caught, catch.]
1. intr.
†a. To proceed, go. Obs. rare—1.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 619 Resttez here on þis rote & I schal rachche after.
b. Naut. To sail on a tack, to ‘reach‘.
1881Clark Russell Sailor's Sweeth. I. ii. 34 They ratched from shore to shore, slueing on their heels to run athwart the wind on another tack. 1897Outing (U.S.) XXIX. 467/2 Getting our anchor we ratched around under mainsail and jib.
†2. trans. To reach, get hold of. Obs. rare—0.
1530Palsgr. 679/2, I ratche, I catche, I have raught. Je attayns. And I ratche the thou shalt bere me a blowe.
3. trans. To draw out, to stretch (hence dial. to exaggerate, to lie); to pull or tear asunder.
a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche iii. 180 Thou xuldyst be rachchyd, If thow war metely machchyd. 1530Palsgr. 679/2, I ratche, I stretche out a length. Je estends. If it be to shorte ratche it out. 1781Hutton Tour to Caves (ed. 2) Gloss., Ratch, to tear in pieces. 1829in Brockett. 1847in Halliwell. 1869–in dial. glosses (Lancs., Yks., Linc., Hants, Dorset). 1904Hardy Dynasts I. i. iii. 31 The thousands called..will ratch the lines Of English regiments..To glorious length.
Hence ratched ppl. a., stretched.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 179 He must take care not to stretch the cardings... If any fault is committed in this respect,..they are said to be ‘ratched cardings’.
▪ VIII. ratch, v.2 Mech.
[f. ratch n.1]
trans. To cut into teeth like those of a ratch; to turn round in the process of doing this.
1777Ramsden Descr. Engine (i.) 1 The Circumference of the Wheel is ratched or cut..into 2160 Teeth. Ibid. 10, I then ratched the wheel round continually in the same direction..and, in ratching the wheel about 300 times round, the teeth were finished. Ibid., The screw in ratching had continually hold of several teeth at the same time. [1846Holtzapffel Turning II. 639 note, In ratching or cutting the wheel..the circle was divided with the greatest exactness.]
▪ IX. ratch, v.3 north. dial. and Sc.|rætʃ|
[f. rache, ratch n.1]
a. intr. To forage for food, to ferret around; to ramble or wander about.
b. trans. To search thoroughly, ransack. Hence ˈratching vbl. n.
1801‘Berwickshire Sandie’ Poems 73 Hens ratch'd through the house wi' greed. 1859W. Dickinson Gloss. Words & Phrases Cumberland (foreword), Yan wad ratch ivry neukk ov oald Cummerlan. Ibid. 91 Ratch, to ramble, to search vigorously. ‘Ratchan about like a hungry hound.’ 1869A. C. Gibson Folk-Speech Cumberland 96 Cook's house was ratch't through an' through. 1971Country Life 9 Sept. 630/1 There's oalas an odd yan or two that'll leave their lambs an' ratch aboot. Ibid. 7 Oct. 900/1 Hill sheep can be very active, and when they feel like ratching it takes a very formidable fence to prevent them. 1973Guardian 26 Feb. 10/2 The grass is poor, as yet, so some of the fell-sheep go foraging in and out of the woods..and into any fell-side garden with an open gate... ‘Ratching’ is part of their nature. 1976Jrnl. Lakeland Dial. Soc. 21 Yan day t' auld Friesian bull gat oot, a' caved an' ratched aroond, Neabody durst gan near him as he rwoared an' scratted t' groond. |