| 释义 |
superficies|s(j)uːpəˈfɪʃɪiːz|
Pl. superficies; also 6–7 -ficiesses.
[a. L. superficiēs, f. super- super- 3 + faciēs face n.
The pronunciation |s(j)uːpəˈfɪʃiːz| is given as an alternative in most U.S. dictionaries from Worcester, 1846, onwards. Metrical examples of the 17th cent. also point to a quadrisyllabic pronunciation.]
1. Geom. A magnitude of two dimensions, having only length and breadth; that which forms the boundary or one of the boundaries of a solid, or separates one part of space from another; a surface.
1530Rastell Bk. Purgat. ii. xx. e 2 b, A superfycyes is that which hath but length and brede & no maner of thyckenes. 1570Billingsley Euclid i. Def. vi. 2 The extremes or limites of a bodye are superficiesses. 1612Bacon Ess., Seeming Wise (Arb.) 214 It is a ridiculous thing..to see what shifts these formalists haue..to make Superficies to seeme body, that hath depth and bulke. 1662Hobbes Seven Prob. Wks. 1845 VII. 67 Many lines set together make a superficies though their breadth be insensible. 1684Ash in Phil. Trans. XIV. 673, 2 angles or superficies are equal when one being put on the other, it neither exceeds, nor is exceeded. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xiii. §13 To divide and separate actually is, as I think, by removing the parts one from another, to make two Superficies, where before there was a Continuity. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 703 To know the names of differently shaped superficies and solids, as circles, triangles, parallelograms, cubes, &c. 1831Brewster Optics xiv. 114 To allow them [sc. rays] to pack into a spherical superficies as they converge to their poles or points of origin.
2. The outer surface of a body, which is apparent to the eye, or is immediately adjacent to the air or to another body.
1577Hanmer Anc. Eccl. Hist. ii. xvii. 30 So that the externall shewe of wordes, resemble the superficyes of the body. 1590Greene Mourn. Garm. Wks. (Grosart) IX. 169 The eye..coueteth that euery superficies be faire and pleasing. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 500 When the wormes are followed by Molds..they flie to the superficies and very toppe of the earth. 1611Coryat Crudities 404 Here I haue obserued the people in the bathes feede together vpon a table that hath swimmed vpon the superficies of the water. 1614Gorges Lucan ix. 375 For scarcely now a little boate Can on the superficies flote, Of those drown'd sands where water stayes. 1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. 12 The internal superficies of the Receiver. Ibid. xxx. 227 Conspicuous waves that appear'd upon the superficies of our agitated smoke. 1789J. Williams Min. Kingd. I. 135 The river begins to run across the superficies of these coals. 1862Goulburn Pers. Relig. i. iii. (1864) 29 The difference of colour..is produced by some subtle difference of texture or superficies.
†b. A plane or level surface. Obs. rare.
1674J. Josselyn Voy. New Eng. 161 Two hills of equal height.., the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery mounted. 1704Swift T. Tub ii. Wks. 1760 I. 36 He was shown in the posture of a Persian emperor, sitting on a Superficies.
3. That which constitutes the outermost part of a body; the surface layer. Now rare.
1603Holland Plutarch's Mor. 1174 The lakes and rivers..seeme in their superficies to be some time reddish, and otherwhiles of a violet colour. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. i. i. 306 Crato..admits rost meat, if the burned and scorched superficies, the browne we call it, be pared off. 1628Venner Baths of Bathe 6 Onely the superficies, or vpper part of the Bath is cooled. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) II. 124 To render the Superficies of the Earth loose. 1847H. Miller First Impr. Eng. iv. (1857) 49 The rubbish of the subterranean workings is scarce at all suffered to encroach..on the arable superficies.
b. Rom. and Civil Law. A building or other thing in or on the surface of a piece of land, which is by art or nature so closely connected with as to form part of it; the right possessed by a person over any such building or other thing in or on the surface of another's land.
1850in Burrill Law Dict. 1853T. C. Sandars Inst. Justinian ii. v. (1859) 215 The right of superficies was almost identical with that of emphyteusis, but applied only to the superficies, that is, things built on the ground, not to the ground itself. It was the right of disposing freely of a building erected on another man's soil without destroying it, subject to the payment of a yearly rent. 1856Bouvier Law Dict. U.S. (ed. 6), Superficies, a Latin word used among civilians. It signifies in the edict of the prætor whatever has been erected on the soil.
4. Superficial area or extent.
1656Hobbes Six Lessons Wks. 1845 VII. 305 The superficies of the conoeides is greater than the superficies of the sphere. 1753N. Torriano Non-Naturals 51 The whole Weight of Air, which presses equally upon a Body of about 15 square Feet Superficies. 1798Survey Prov. Moray iii. 171 The whole superficies of the parish contains 21 square miles. 1832H. T. De la Beche Geol. Man. (ed. 2) 2 The superficies of the Pacific Ocean alone is estimated as somewhat greater than that of the whole dry land with which we are acquainted. 1847H. Miller First Impr. Eng. vi. (1857) 92 The slabs, each containing a superficies of about twenty-four feet.
5.
†a. The ‘surface’ (of something immaterial, esp. of the mind or soul). Obs.
1586Hoby Polit. Disc. Truth xvii. 73 We must not onely consider, the superficies and beginnyng of thinges, but to looke more inwardly what may happen in time. 1607Heywood Fayre Mayde Exch. i. C j b, Anth... But what is loue? Frank. A voluntary motion of delight, Touching the superficies of the soule. 1638Baker tr. Balzac's Lett. (vol. II) 25 Greek and Latin make not men valiant, nor are things that descend to the bottom of the soul, they scarce reach to the outermost superficies. a1658Cleveland Committee 38 The Type of Flesh and Bloud, the Skeleton And Superficies of a thing that's gone. a1700Ken Edmund Poet. Wks. 1721 II. 287 Those Thoughts..spread the Superficies of my Mind.
†b. The outward form or aspect. Obs.
1589[? Nashe] Almond for Parrat E j b, The deuill..prouided a rustie superficies wherin to wrap him as soone as euer he was separated from his mothers wombe. 1612N. Field Woman is a Weather cock iii. ii, Could Nature make So faire a superficies, to enclose So false a heart? 1638Featly Transubst. 56 You beleeve that Christ's body is contained under the superficies or accidents of bread. 1781Johnson L.P., Waller Wks. 1787 II. 260 His images [are] such as the superficies of nature readily supplies.
c. That which is merely superficial; the outward appearance as distinct from the inner or real nature or condition.
1589[? Lyly] Pappe w. Hatchet L.'s Wks. 1902 III. 400 A good honest strippling..askt his sweete sister, whether lecherie in her conscience were a sinne? In faith (quoth she) I thinke it the superficies of sinne. 1593Tell-Trothe's N.Y. Gift (1876) 28 They that only haue entertained the superficies of loue. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. iii. i. 187, I only lookt vpon the Superficies, I went no farther then the outward appearance. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 196 ⁋5 He who has seen only the superficies of life believes every thing to be what it appears. 1847Disraeli Tancred ii. xiii, He held that the state of England, notwithstanding the superficies of a material prosperity was one of impending doom. 1888Pater Ess. fr. Guardian (1896) 106 What [his life] really most resembles, different as its superficies may look, is the career of those early mediæval religious artists.
†d. An outward show concealing something, a cloak. Obs. rare.
1589Greene Orpharion Wks. (Grosart) XII. 67 Then must we confesse that beauty is..to be esteemed aboue all things, as the very couer and superficies vnder which vertue lyes hid. 1612Webster White Devil i. ii. 19 Her coynesse? thats but the superficies of lust most women have.
†e. A superficial account, a sketch. Obs. rare.
1670G. H. Hist. Cardinals iii. ii. 261 But all that I have said yet of the Election of the Pope, has been nothing but a meer superficies of the policies of the Court. |