| 释义 |
▪ I. super, n.|ˈs(j)uːpə(r)|
I.
†1. [Short for insuper.] Something ‘standing in super’; a balance remaining over. Obs.
1626Bp. H. King Serm. Deliverance 51 If..you chance to enwrap amongst the common Shoale of gaine..any thing that belongs to God..enter it not into your Audit, nor account that amongst your Supers, which is your Onus. 1642C. Vernon Consid. Exch. 6 All debts and Supers depending in any accounts.
II. [Short for various subst. compounds of super-.] Chiefly colloq., slang, or commercial.
2. a. = supersalt. b. = superphosphate 2.
1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 519 Besides the triple salts and the subs and the supers. 1900Dundee Adv. 9 June 8/1 The substantial dressing of 4 cwts. supers, 2 cwts. dissolved bones, and 1 cwt. sulphate of ammonia.
3. = supernumerary.
a. Theatr. and Cinematogr. Cf. extra n. b.
1838Actors by Daylight I. 112/1 Many of the old supers of course remained. 1844Dickens Let. 3 Jan. (1977) IV. 9 That extraordinary compound of odd scents peculiar to a theatre..accompanies me, as I meet perspiring supers in the narrow passage. 1853‘C. Bede’ Verdant Green ii. iii, If by a super you mean a supernumerary..then the Pet isn't one. 1859Sala Tw. round Clock (1861) 176 My private belief is that no ‘super’ could exist long in any atmosphere remote from..the vicinity of the stage-door of a theatre. 1877E. W. Gosse North. Stud., 4 Danish Poets (1890) 218 The actors gave special performances, and on these occasions Andersen managed to get on the boards and mix with the supers. 1905J. K. Jerome Idle Ideas xv, She sinks down fainting on the stage and is carried off by Supers. 1924Galsworthy White Monkey ii. ii. 125 The lurid professions—film-super, or mannequin. 1930E. Waugh Vile Bodies ix. 155 The Colonel's somewhere in that little crowd singing the hymn... He was crazy to be allowed to come on as a super.
attrib.1876D. Cook Bk. Play II. 201 The ‘super’..is under the rule of a ‘super-master,’ who is in his turn governed by the wavings of the prompter's white flag in the wings.
b. A supernumerary on board ship.
1866Daily Tel. 16 Jan. 7/4 Those were real ships..and a certain proportion of the ‘supers’ on board were always sea-sick.
c. gen.
1882Academy 14 Jan. 25/3 Th odd four cats are only ‘supers’. 1885G. R. Sims Rogues & Vagabonds lviii. 277 It is the custom when young doctors are anxious to work up a reputation for being fashionable for them to engage a few supers—that is, to give advice gratis to a few selected persons, on condition that they come once or twice a week and help to make a crowd in the waiting-room. 1885‘Mrs. Alexander’ At Bay i, You ladies will have a cavalier apiece, and one to spare, that's myself; I am only a super now-a-days.
4. = super-hive (see super- 3); a box containing a certain number of sections of honey.
1855Poultry Chron. III. 84/2 In the beginning of July the hive was filled with combs, and the bees..availed themselves of a super, in which they stored some pounds of honey. 1868Rep. U.S. Commissioner Agric. (1869) 275 Honey for market purposes is generally stored in small boxes or supers, about five inches square. 1892Garden 27 Aug. 188 Two and three-quarter supers from each bar frame hive have not been uncommon ‘takes,’ and the honey is remarkably good.
5. = superintendent.
1857F. Cooper Wild Adventures in Austral. 59 ‘Scotchy’..introduced me as a particular friend to Wilder the owner of that run, under the impression that a ‘super’ was required. 1864C. R. Thatcher Songs of War 12 The Super issued Quite a rabid Proclamation. 1870Gordon Bush Ballads, From the Wreck 23 What's up with our super to-night? 1880Blackw. Mag. Mar. 283, I was ‘Super’ of a sheep-station up north two years ago. 1916A. Bennett These Twain iii. 33 The sole lecture of his répertoire, but it had served to raise him ever so slightly out of the ruck of ‘Supers’. 1939‘F. O'Brien’ At-Swim-Two-Birds 80 The policemen were rounded up and marched across the prairies to the Circle N, as fine a body of men as you'd hope to see, myself and the super as proud as be damned at the head of them. 1953‘N. Blake’ Dreadful Hollow xv. 197 My dear old Super, Pop was always threatening to cut us off with a shilling. 1977T. Berger Who is Teddy Villanova? i. 1 My apartment, on the door of which the churlish super had posted a notice that tended to humiliate.
6. = superfine.
1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 64 Woollen cloth manufacture..Super Weaver. 1885Times (weekly ed.) 5 June 7/2 Of the power looms, 1,700 are devoted to the production of extra supers and 3-ply carpets.
7. Thieves' slang. A watch. Comb. super-screwing, watch-stealing.
1859Times 26 Apr. 9/6 The abstraction of the watches (which the thieves term super-screwing from the slang of super, a watch,..from the practice of twisting the handles of the watches off). 1903H. Hapgood Autobiog. of Thief ii. (1904) 45 The art of ‘banging a super’, that is, stealing a watch by breaking the ring with the thumb and forefinger, and thus detaching it from the chain.
8. Bookbinding. [Origin unknown.] = mull n.7 (see quots. 1914, 1970). U.S.
1914J. J. Pleger Bookbinding III. 15 Super, a thin, loosely-woven, starched cloth glued on the back of books. 1916Rebacking Bks. (Worcester County, Mass., Law Library) 7 The back had been hand sewed.., a strip of super between the bands pasted on the boards. 1940Perry & Baab Binding of Bks. iii. 48 Super cloth (a sized cheese cloth) is too light for reinforcing purposes. 1967[see mull n.7]. 1970R. K. Kent Lang. Journalism 130 Super,..a loose, open-weave cotton material used as reinforcement for the binding of a book: also called crash, or in England, mull.
9. [Short for superduper a. or superbomb.] A colloquial name for the fusion or hydrogen bomb. Now chiefly Hist.
1951W. L. Laurence Hell Bomb i. 3, I first heard about the hydrogen bomb in the spring of 1945 in Los Alamos... They were already considering preliminary designs for a hydrogen-fusion bomb, which in their lighter moments they called the ‘Super-duper’ or just the ‘Super’. 1958J. Cleugh tr. Jungk's Brighter than Thousand Suns xvi. 259 In the discussions among those ‘in the know’ that arose in consequence of the news of the explosion in the Soviet Union one word was continually repeated which outsiders, at that time, would scarcely have understood. It was ‘Super’. 1982New Scientist 2 Sept. 642/2 It seems that the realisation of the Super, with its implications of mega-deaths, is not technically out of reach of any power which can produce a fission bomb.
III. [Absol. use of the adj.]
10. colloq. High-octane or top-grade petrol.
[1965: see premium 7 b.] 1967‘G. Douglas’ Death went Hunting vi. 47 He wanted petrol—four of super, it was. 1978Country Life 25 May 1502/2 French petrol has always been expensive... A gallon of super..costs about {pstlg}1.37.
Hence ˈsupering, (a) the action of performing as a ‘super’ in a theatre; (b) the putting of a ‘super’ on a bee-hive.
1889Pall Mall Gaz. 30 Nov. 7/1 Supering is generally extra time work, done by men who are otherwise engaged in the daytime. 1910Daily News 3 June 4, I advise bee-keepers to find out the needs of the local market before supering.
Senses 10, 11 in Dict. become 12, 13. Add: [II.] 10. = superimposition n., esp. in sense *2. Cinematogr.
1959A. Bellaire TV Advertising viii. 112 The matting amplifier produces the ‘super’ effect without loss of quality to either image. 1963D. Ogilvy Confessions Advertising Man (1964) viii. 131, I therefore advise you to repeat your promise at least twice in every commercial..and to print it on the screen as a ‘title’ or ‘super’. 1972R. Tyrrell Work Television Journalist v. 86 Dissolves, supers and similar optical effects cannot be done unless three machines are used in conjunction with a vision mixing bank. 1983Washington Post 6 Oct. dc10/3 [She] had me nodding my head like a metronome when she took aim at the captions (or ‘supers’ as they're called in the trade) that appear during TV news shows.
11. = superannuation n. 2. Austral. and N.Z.
1973A. Buzo Rooted I. iii. 40 Oh, I'm with the public service... It's a pretty soft cop. The money's good. Plenty of super. 1984Sydney Morning Herald 10 Nov. 1/4 The commercial, in part, has an announcer saying: ‘Did you vote for the assets test? Or the tax on your super?’ 1988A. Macrae Awful Childhoods iii. 36 Chris's grandmother..comfortably supplemented her universal super and the money her husband left her with palmistry readings.
▪ II. super, a.|ˈs(j)uːpə(r)|
[Short for various adj. compounds of super-1.]
1. Trade colloq. = superficial 2. Orig. usu. following the n., but now also preceding it, as super foot. Cf. superficial foot s.v. superficial a. 2 b.
1833T. Hook Parson's Dau. iii. xii, Hundreds of feet of plinths, at so much per foot, super. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §12 The price of common Belgian glass for ordinary glazing purposes is 3d per foot super. 1909Westm. Gaz. 30 Aug. 2/2 Total cost per super yard per annum..11·0 d. 1949Gloss Terms Timber (B.S.I.) 23 Super. foot, a square foot of timber of the thickness stated, e.g. ‘per super. foot of 1½ in’. 1953Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol. i. 57 Foot, superficial... A unit of volume equal to 1/12th of a cubic foot. In Australia and New Zealand, applied to standing trees, logs and sawn timber of any thickness, usually under the synonym Super foot. 1971Sunday Australian 8 Aug. 4/3 A brick veneer home of this size contains 11,000 superfeet of timber.
2. Trade colloq. = superfine 4.
1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 187 Long wool of the best class that is grown in Kent, which we term super matching, or long drawing. 1850Dickens Dav. Copp. ix, Showing me a roll of cloth which he said was extra super. 1888Daily News 27 Aug. 7/2 A fair amount of business is doing in wefts, especially in super lustres. 1888Ibid. 5 Nov. 7/1 Half-bred and super wools..; fine and super wethers.
3. slang. Very good or pleasant, first-rate, excellent, ‘smashing’. Also as int.
This sense has developed from and overlaps with sense 2.
[1837Dickens Pickw. xli. 445 I'll be upon the wery best extra-super behaviour!] 1895Army & Navy Co-op. Soc. Price List 15 Sept. 1079 White or black super opera bodice. 1923[see cabaret1 2 b]. 1932Daily Express 25 June 7/4 We have race meetings here, and super bathing. 1946J. B. Priestley Bright Day xi. 327 This is jolly good, though. Super. 1954‘R. Crompton’ William & Moon Rocket i. 27 ‘Wizard,’ said William. ‘Super,’ said Ginger. 1968Sunday Times 25 Aug. 4/6 Doesn't almost everyone describe something mildly nice as ‘super’. 1976Evening Post (Nottingham) 13 Dec. 7/2 His wife Lee, said: ‘Isn't it super? We can't get over it.’
▪ III. super, v.|ˈsuːpə(r)|
I.
1. [f. super n. 3 a.] intr. To appear in a play or film as an extra or supernumerary. Theatr. slang.
1889[implied in supering s.v. super n.]. 1920J. Ferguson in Northern Numbers 98 In Town she ‘supered’ and would just ‘walk on’. 1938G. B. Shaw Let. 20 Sept. in B. Shaw & Mrs. Campbell (1952) 323 All the élite of the profession over forty rushed down to Pinewood to super in it [sc. a film]. 1976New Yorker 16 Feb. 26/1 Chance for man to super in new Met production of Aida.
2. [f. super n. 8.] trans. To back (a book) with super. U.S.
1914J. J. Pleger Bookbinding III. 125 After enough books have been head-banded and supered.., put the backs together.
II.
3. [Short for superannuate v.] trans. To remove (a pupil) from a school or form on account of age. Chiefly pass. Cf. superannuate v. 3 a. School slang.
1902‘C. Turley’ Godfrey Marten, Schoolboy xi. 135 ‘I have been in the Lower Fourth exactly four terms,’ he went on, ‘and my people are getting sick, and Sandy says I shall be ‘supered’ in a term or two.’ 1923E. W. Hornung Old Offenders & Few Old Scores 239 He was in our house, and super'd, poor beast! 1937R. A. Knox Double Cross Purposes v. 84 He always was a scug, till the day he was super'd. 1945T. Rattigan Love in Idleness i. 8 He was super'd from Eton... Removed for not being in a high enough form.
4. [Short for superimpose v.] trans. To superimpose (a caption, etc.) on a film. Television slang.
1964[see cue v.2 a]. 1964[see caption n. 4]. 1966G. N. Leech Eng. in Advertising vi. 60 In the transcription [of a television commercial], italicised portions are ‘supered’ and capitalised portions are in the spoken commentary. 1975Listener 9 Jan. 38/2 Why not super the characters' names towards the end of a play? |