| 释义 |
▪ I. sup, n.1|sʌp|
Forms: α. 6– sup, 6–7 suppe, 7 supp. β. 7 soope, 7–8 (9 dial.) soop, soup, (8 Sc. soupe, 9 dial. sowp, zoop).
[f. sup v.1
There is no evidence of continuity with OE. súpa (cf. MLG. sûpe, early mod.Du. zuipe, Du. zuip, ON. súpa).
The isolated instance of sense 2, unless it be a misprint, is difficult to account for.]
1. A small quantity of liquid such as can be taken into the mouth at one time; a mouthful; a sip. (Also in fig. context.)
α1570Levins Manip. 189/37 A Suppe, sorbillum. 1621Fletcher Pilgrim iv. i, I'le bring you a sup of Milk shall serve ye. 1657J. Watts Scribe, Pharisee, etc. iii. 71 A sup of wine (as a morsel of bread) may do well enough. 1710Brit. Apollo III. No. 47. 3/1 To see his Brave Army Engage; And to Swallow up, The Allies at a sup. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 82, I went to my little Store and took a small Sup of Rum. a1764Lloyd Fam. Ep. to J. B. Poet. Wks. 1774 II. 40 With so much wisdom bottled up, Uncork, and give your friends a sup. 1840Thackeray Paris Sk.-bk. v. (1872) 49 Taking a small sup at the brandy⁓bottle. 1872Calverley Fly Leaves, On the Brink ix, A sup Of barley-water. 1888W. S. Gilbert Yeom. Guard i, Who sipped no sup, and who craved no crumb.
β1633Orkney Witch Trial in Abbotsford Club Miscell. 152 The powre woman sent in to the said Robertis house, and got ane soup off milk from his wyff. 1662Tuke Adv. 5 Hours i. 10 A soop of Chocolate Is not amiss after a tedious Journey. 1667Dryden Tempest ii. i, Here's another soop to comfort us. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 7 I'll take a full Soop at the merry Milk-pail. 1785Burns Cotter's Sat. Nt. xi, The soupe their only Hawkie does afford. 1818Scott Rob Roy xviii, It's the part of a kind son to bring her a soup o' something that will keep up her auld heart. 1851Sternberg Northampt. Dial., Soop, a sup, drop.
b. Phr. (a) bit (later bite) and (a) sup, a little food and drink. So bit or sup, neither bit nor sup.
1665in Verney Mem. (1904) II. 244, I save [? have] a bitt and supp bye myselfe 2 owers after them. 1818Lady Morgan Autobiog. (1859) 148 The moment..we had swallowed our ‘bit and our sup,’ out we sallied. 1865G. Macdonald Alec Forbes 15 I'll tak her in wi' my ain bairns, an' she s' hae bit and sup wi' them. 1880Browning Dram. Idylls Ser. ii. Pietro of Abano 233 Lodging, bite and sup, with—now and then—a copper..is all my asking. 1902V. Jacob Sheep-Stealers ix, The pleasant offer of a bite and a sup.
c. transf. Drink. dial.
a1810Tannahill Poor Tom Poems (1846) 109 Poor Tom loves his sup, and poor Tom is despised. 1876Whitby Gloss., Sup, Suppings, Sups, drink of all kinds.
d. a good sup: a fair amount, a considerable quantity (of liquid). dial.
1601Archpriest Controv. (Camden) II. 173 If a cow give a good soope of milke, she is to be thanked. 1848A. Brontë Agnes Grey i, [Of a fall of rain] It's comed a good sup last night too. 1872Hartley Yorksh. Ditties Ser. i. 97 They reckon to brew a gooid sup o' ale in October.
†2. = sop n.1 1. Obs. rare.
1543Traheron Vigo's Chirurg. ii. viii. vi. 82 He muste..eate a sup or shewe made with grated breed & almandes [orig. panatellam fariolam amigdalatam..confectam].
▪ II. sup, n.2 Math.|sʌp|
[f. supremum.]
Supremum (of).
1940,1949[see infimum]. 1968E. T. Copson Metric Spaces i. 14 The supremum or least upper bound of A..is denoted by sup A.
▪ III. sup, n.3 Chiefly colloq.|sʌp|
Also supp and with point.
[Abbrev. of supplement n.1]
= supplement n.1 1 b. Usu. as final element: colour sup, Sunday sup; lit. sup. (see also n. and a.).
1887in N.E.D. s.v. Begin v.1 4 a, quot. 1875. 1910J. Bailey Let. 1 Jan. (1935) 118 No one has ever got into poetry more of the Augustinian sense of the urgency of God claiming the human soul, as I said in Lit. Sup. when I wrote on the Selected Poems a year and a half ago. 1932V. Woolf Let. in K. Martin Editor (1968) i. 30, I used to write regularly for The Times Lit. Sup. 1968Punch 6 Nov. 646/2, I don't want to..get myself interviewed in a colour-supp series. 1975J. Symons Three Pipe Problem xv. 136, I read this Observer colour supp. piece, you see. 1979Guardian 27 Apr. 8/7 He sounded as if he was satirising himself, with his praises of the colour sups and the late Lord Thomson. 1986P. Reading Essential Reading 54 Less weighty, a Sunday Sup. reports on Alcoholism.
▪ IV. sup, v.1|sʌp|
Forms: α. 1 supan, 4–5 supe, 4–6 sowp(e, 4–7 soup(e, (4 soupen, 5 sowpon(e, 6 sope, 6–7 soope, 7–8, 9 (dial.) soop, 9 dial. soup, zoop). β. 1 Northumb. suppa, 4–7 suppe, (5 souppe, 6 soppe, 8 supp), 5– sup. pa. tense strong 1 seap (sæp), 4 sop, 4–5 soop; weak 1 Northumb. -supede, 4 soupede, -ide, sowpide, 6 suppit, supt(e, 6– supped. pa. pple. strong 4 soopen, soupen, 4–5 sopen, -un; weak 4 sowpyd, 5 suppyd, 6 suppit, supte, 7 supt, soopt, soop'd, 6– supped.
[Three types of formation on the Teutonic root sū̆p- (cf. sop n.1, v.1, sope, sowp n.1) are represented here: (1) OE. súpan strong vb., pa. tense séap (*supon), pa. pple. *sopen = MLG. sûpen, MDu. zûpen (Du. zuipen), OHG. sûfan (MHG. sûfen, G. saufen, in dial. strong and weak), ON. súpa; (2) OE. *suppan, once in Northumb. pres. ind. pl. suppas, corresp. to OHG. suphjan, supphan, suffan (MHG., G. dial. supfen); (3) OE. *sū̆pian, once in Northumb. weak pa. tense pl. ᵹesupedon.
The forms with pp in ME. appear first in northern texts.]
1. a. trans. To take (liquid) into the mouth in small quantities (as opposed to a draught); † also with in. Now chiefly Sc. and north. dial.; often spec. to take (liquid food) with a spoon.
αc1000ælfric Saints' Lives iii. 162 He sæp [v.r. seap] of ðæm calice eac swylce blod. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 184 Ᵹe þeah þu mid cuclere þæt supe. Ibid. 336 Ᵹif he þæt broð þonne ær sypð. a1327Poem times Edw. II 238 in Pol. Songs (Camden) 334 The best he piketh up himself,..And ȝeveth the gode man soupe the lene broth. c1340Nominale (Skeat) 190 W[oman] mylk and wortis soupith. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiv. 62 Þai ete bot flesch withouten breed and soupez þe broo. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. v. 219 Thou woldest not for alle the brothe that euer thou soupest ones loke hym in the face. 1530Palsgr. 726/2, I have herde saye that he was dede, but he wyll sowpe as hoote potage as you. 1590P. Barrough Meth. Phisick iii. iii. (1639) 105 It is also good for them to soupe the juice of Quinces. 1640Brome Sparagus Gard. ii. iii, A Phesants egge soopt with a Peacocks feather. 1643Trapp Comm. Gen. xxv. 33 As Gideons souldiers, to soop their handful, not to swill their belly-full. 1721Bailey, To Sip, to soop a little.
β13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 108 Þyse ilk renkez..Schul neuer sitte in my sale my soper to fele, Ne suppe on sope of my seve. a1400–50Wars Alex. 3805 Þis solayne sope [= sope n.] if I sup. c1450Bk. Curtasye 69 in Babees Bk., Ne suppe not with grete sowndynge Noþer potage ne oþer þynge. 1587Turberv. Trag. Tales (1837) 143 Who..The poyson supt, and tooke it patientlie. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 193 Which of all these..Could get one bit to eat, or drop suppe? a1682F. Sempill Blythesome Wedding 65 And sing'd sheep-heads, and a haggize, And scadlips to sup till ye're fow. 1692Tryon Good House-wife i. 5 You must take nourishing Meats and Drinks, sup good Sack, Old Malago, Tent, or the like. 1787Burns Gudeen to you, Kimmer ii, Kate sits i' the neuk, Suppin' hen-broo. 1818S. E. Ferrier Marriage xxvii, Girls that sup their porridge will always cut a good figure. 1841Thackeray Gt. Hoggarty Diam. xiii, After dinner, it was with difficulty I could get her to sup a little drop of wine-and-water, and dip a toast in it. 1872Hartley Yorksh. Ditties Ser. ii. 107 Sellin' drink has made mony a chap rich, an suppin it has made thaasands poor. 1889Barrie Window in Thrums 114 He began to sup his porridge.
b. To drink up or off, swallow, esp. by mouthfuls or spoonfuls. † Also with out, in.
1375Creation 473 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 130 Me þoȝte Kaym tok Abellis blod And sop it op as he were wod. c1440Alphabet of Tales 463 A white duffe..suppid of all þat was in þe chales with hur neb. c1450Mankind 765 in Macro Plays 28 My prepotent father, when ȝe sowpe, sowpe owt yowur messe. a1529Skelton E. Rumming 380 Ales founde therin no thornes, But supped it [sc. ale] vp at ones. 1535Coverdale Isa. v. 22 Wo vnto them, yt are connynge men to suppe out wyne. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 28/1 We must first let him suppe in a soft dressed egge. 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 142 Then will he sup off a cup of cold water as big as a milke-bowle. 1620Venner Via Recta v. 84 A couple of potched Egges,..supped off warme, eating therewithall a little bread and butter. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) 53 Sup it up in the morning fasting. 1870Mrs. Julie P. Smith Widow Goldsmith's Dau. iii, The contents dealt out into the cracked bowl and tin cup, were immediately distributed; they eagerly supped it up. 1885‘Ouida’ Rainy June 133 To rattle down the Bois in a milord, and sup off a matelote by the lake with your Romeo.
2. intr. To take a sip or sips: to take drink by mouthfuls or spoonfuls; † formerly with partitive of. Also const. up. Now chiefly Sc. and north. dial. (or in imitation of this).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxvii. 34 Cum gustasset, mið ðy ᵹebiriᵹde vel ᵹeseap. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 50 Sup swa ðu hatost mæᵹe. 13..Coer de L. 3085 Lord, we have pork sought; Etes, and soupes off the browys swote. c1325Gloss. W. de Bibbesw. in Wright Voc. 150 Avaunt ke il hume [gloss soupe]. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 96 In fastyng-dayes to frete ar ful tyme were And þanne to sitten and soupen til slepe hem assaille. c1475Babees Bk. 144 Whenne your potage to yow shalle be brouhte, Take yow sponys, and soupe by no way. c1500Young Childr. Bk. 127 in Babees Bk., When þou sopys, make no noyse With thi mouth As do boys. 1542Brinklow Lament. (1874) 89 We soppe of the broth in which the deuell was soden. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 22 A bouzing can, Of which he supt so oft, that on his seat His dronken corse he scarse vpholden can. 1616B. Jonson Forest ix. 7 Might I of Iove's nectar sup. 1701Grew Cosm. Sacra i. v. §6. 26 Nor therefore could we Supp, or Swallow, without it [sc. the tongue]. 1869Lonsdale Gloss., Sup up, to drink off a glass of liquor. 1898J. Macmanus Bend of Road 94 There wasn't a man ever supped from a noggin in Corradooey he couldn't sweep the floor with! 1952M. Tripp Faith is Windsock v. 86 Now sup up, as Arthur [a north-countryman] says, and have one on me. 1971D. Lees Rainbow Conspiracy ix. 152 Sup up first—tha's let the beer get cold. 1977Scollins & Titford Ey up, mi Duck! III. 30 Men were content just to gossip and ‘sup’.
transf.13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 151 Þe sayl sweyed on þe see, þenne suppe bihoued Þe coge of þe colde water.
†3. transf. and fig.
a. trans. Chiefly with up: To swallow up, consume, absorb. Obs.
Frequent as a rendering of L. absorbere in biblical versions.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. lviii. 447 Forðonðe he..nis nauðer, ne hat, ne ceald, ðeah ic hine supe, ic hine wille eft utaspiwan of minum muðe. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) lxviii. 15 Ne me se seað supe mid muðe. a1340Hampole Psalter lxviii. 19 Drown me not þe storme of watire: ne supe me þe grounde. 1382Wyclif Isa. xxviii. 7 Thei ben sopen awei of wyn, thei erreden in drunkenesse. ― 1 Cor. xv. 54 Deeth is sopun vp in victorie. ― Rev. xii. 16 The erthe openyde his mouth, and soupide [v.r. sop vp, soop vp] the flood.c1400Psalter (MS. Bodl. 554) iii. 5 marg., As sopun up for sorewe. 1532More Confut. Tindale Wks. 713/1 As for al other sinnes whatsoeuer thei be, faith saith he..suppeth them al vp in a moment. 1566Drant Wail. Hierim. K iv, The battred wall, prostrate dyd fall,..The earthe supte up the gorgious gates. 1598T. Bastard Chrestol. i. xl. 25 Foure lines, which hold me tug an hower or twaine He sups up with a breath and takes no paine. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. ii. iii. 319 [A lake] whose waters gush so fast out of the ground, that they will overtake a swift horseman, and by and by with as incredible celerity [are] supped vp. 1652N. Culverwel Lt. Nature i. xvii. (1661) 158 A Ship ready to be split upon a rock, or to be soop'd up of a Wave.
†b. Of material objects: To take in (water, air). Also sup out in the opposite sense. Obs.
1513Douglas æneis vi. vi. 64 The jonit barge, Sa full of riftis, and with lekkis perbraik, Scho suppit huge wattir of the laik. 1566Drant Horace, Sat. i. iv. B viij, As bellowes sup and beltch out wyndes, to make the yron softe. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. vii. (1593) 153 And how Charybdis..Now sowpeth in, now sowpeth out the sea incessantly. 1644Nye Gunnery ii. (1670) 33 Such a peece [of ordnance]..which suppeth and reteineth continually more and more of that wind, which should serve to expell the bullet.
†c. to sup up: (a) to take in, ‘swallow’ (a story); (b) to utter indistinctly, also to retract (one's words). Obs.
1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim., etc. 518/1 We see that euery man is but too light of credit to sup vp that that shalbee spoken, if there be once any euill report of the Ministers of Gods worde. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ii. (1586) 58 b, We must speak freelie without supping vp our wordes, and bringing them but half forth. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxii. §14 When..they haue put vs in hope of agreement, wherefore sup they vp their wordes againe? 1611Cotgr., Humer le parole, foolishly to sup, or sucke vp, his owne words; to speake abruptly, or vndistinctly.
†d. absol. or intr. of waters, etc. Obs.
In 1382 and 1611 a literalism of translation.
1382Wyclif Isa. xlii. 14, I shal scateren, and soupen awei togidere. 1513Douglas æneis iii. vi. 128 The large fludis suppis thrise in ane swelth, And wther quhilis spowtis in the air agane. 1611Bible Hab. i. 9 Their faces shall sup vp as the East winde, and they shall gather the captiuitie as the sand.
4. fig. To have experience of; to taste; esp. to sup sorrow: cf. L. haurire dolorem (Cicero).
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xvi. 28 Qui non gustabunt mortem, ða ðe ne suppas deað. Ibid. Mark, Introd. 4/3 Gustaturos quosdam mortem, hia þet ᵹebiriᵹdon vel ᵹesupedon weron sume oðer þone deað. c1395Plowman's Tale 1096 Holy churche shuld stand full cold, Hir servaunts sitte and soupe sorowe. 1560A. L. tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. Songe Ezech. i, I do nothing but sup up the drink of sorrow. 1599Peele Sir Clyom. Wks. 1839 III. 123 To sup his dire destruction there for wretched love of me. 1731–8Swift Pol. Conversat. 57 I'll make you one Day sup Sorrow for this. 1839W. Carleton Fardorougha xvi, You'd make him sup sorrow for his harshness. 1901C. G. Harper Gt. North Road II. 294 Petty delinquents supped sorrow at their hands with a big spoon.
▪ V. sup, v.2|sʌp|
Forms: α. 3–6 soupe, 4–5 sope, 4–6 sowpe, (3, 6 Sc. supe, 4 soupi, sopi, souppe, sowpy, sowppe, 5 soope, sopye, 6 Sc. soup, sowp). β. 5–7 suppe, (5 suppon, 6 soppe), 6– sup.
[a. OF. soper, super, (also mod.F.) souper = Pr. sopar, of obscure origin.]
1. intr. To eat one's supper; to take supper.
αc1290Beket 697 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 126 Heo setten bord and spradden cloth, and bi-gonne to soupe [other vers. sopi] faste. c1300Havelok 1765–6 He..dide greyþe a super riche,..Þat he mithe supe swiþe wel. Also he seten, and sholde soupe, So comes a ladde in a ioupe. 13..Sir Beues (A.) 3088 Þat ilche kniȝt, Þat sopede wiþ þe ȝerstene niȝt. 1390Gower Conf. II. 359 Whan thei hadden souped there, Thei schopen hem to gon to reste. 1470–85Malory Arthur iv. vi. 126 When they had souped at her leyser kyng Arthur was ledde vnto a chamber. 1500–20Dunbar Poems lxix. 45 How glaid that ever I dyne or sowp. 1579Montgomerie Misc. Poems xlviii. 67 My fortun wes to be Ludgit..with this same companie; Soupit togither; in ane chalmer lay.
β14..Chaucer's Frankl. T. 489 (Cambr. MS.) It is al redy thow ȝe wele rygh now. Go we thanne suppe [v.r. soupe]. c1440Alphabet of Tales 190 When he had suppid, þer lefte right noght ouer night vnto in þe mornyng. c1440Promp. Parv. 484/2 Suppon, ceno. 1538Starkey England (1878) 26 Hyt ys late and tyme to suppe. 1592Arden of Feversham iv. iii. 13 If this weather would last..a man should neuer dyne nor sup without candle light. 1620Venner Via Recta viii. 173 We commonly sup about six houres after we haue dined. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 786 He never supt in solemn State. 1711Swift Lett. (1767) III. 221, I..supped with lord treasurer,..I staid till two;..I must sup with him, and he keeps cursed hours. 1777H. Walpole Let. to H. S. Conway 10 July, I kept him to sup, sleep..and breakfast here this morning. 1837Lockhart Scott I. ix. 286 The officers of the Light Horse..established a club among themselves, supping once a-week at each other's houses in rotation. 1886Pall Mall Gaz. 27 July 8/1 The Prince and Princess of Wales supped on the Lyceum stage with Mr. Irving and Miss Terry.
b. Const. on, upon, off († of, with) the food.
a1400Morte Arth. 1025 He sowppes..with seuene knaue childre, Choppid in a chargour. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. (Rolls) III. 204 Of grene herbis rycht oft [he] did soupe and dyne. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iv. iii. 159, I am faine to dine and sup with water and bran. 1702Yalden Fables v. 23 He din'd and supp'd upon the best. 1829Scott Rob Roy Introd. ad init., They..took a wedder from the fold, killed it, and supped off the carcass. 1890Doyle White Company xxvii, They supped on good fare, and slept between lavender-scented sheets.
c. trans. To make a supper of; also with cognate object. rare.
a1400Morte Arth. 1208 To sowpe withe þat soueraygne ffulle selcouthe metez. 1809Malkin Gil Blas vii. xi, After having supped the supper of the damned. 1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 220 Before the eyes of men, awake at last, Who put away the meats they used to sup.
2. fig. (or in fig. context) and allusively.
† to sup with our Saviour, sup with Jesus Christ, to sup in heaven or hell (after Rev. iii. 20): said of persons who have died or are about to die. Cf. supper n.1 1 b.
In quot. 1605 with is to be construed with supt (cf. quot. 1603 in 1 b), but in modern echoes of the passage of is often substituted, and construed with full.
[1382Wyclif Rev. iii. 20 If ony man shal here my voys, and opene the ȝat, I shal entre to him, and soupe with him. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋216, I wol entre in-to hym by my grace, and soupe with hym by the goode werkes þat he shal doon, whiche werkes been the foode of god.] a1400Morte Arth. 3805 We salle..Souppe with oure Saueoure solemply in heuene. a1572Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846 I. 170 My faith is such, that my saule sall sowp with my Saviour this nycht. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, v. i. 214 You shall sup with Iesu Christ to night. 1605― Macb. v. v. 13, I haue supt full with horrors. 1607― Cor. iv. ii. 50 Angers my Meate: I suppe vpon my selfe. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. xxi. 137 Dining on Christ in the Sacrament, expecting no other then to sup with him in heaven. 1667Milton P.L. v. 426 The Sun..at Even Sups with the Ocean. 1812Shelley Devil's Walk x, They sup on the groans of the dying and dead. 1830Scott Demonol. vii. 211 The reader may sup full on such wild horrors in the Causes Célèbres. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. VI. lxxiii. 352 People had supped full of horrors.
3. trans.
a. Falconry and Venery. To give the last feed of the day to (a hawk, horse, or hound). Also with up.
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 133 Let hir flee but once, and suppe hir vp vpon the pray. Ibid. 215 At euening conuey it [sc. a casting] into hir gorge, after you haue supt hir. Ibid. 310 Supping hir euery night with a ratte or a mouse. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. Ind. i. 28 Huntsman I charge thee, tender wel my hounds... But sup them well, and looke vnto them all. 1622Mabbe tr. Aleman's Guzman d'Alf. i. 228 Is it fit..To feede a horse with sand? To sup a Falcon with straw? 1798Trans. Soc. Arts XVI. 152 At the time of supping the horses up, after they are bedded, give every horse a small armful. 1805James Milit. Dict. (ed. 2), To sup up, a term used in the British cavalry, to signify the last duty that is performed.., when the horses are allowed to rest for the night. 1810–in Eng. Dial. Dict.
†b. Of food: To furnish a supper for. Obs. rare.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. ii. 698 If a haue no more mans blood in's belly, then will sup a Flea. 1653Walton Angler i. iv, Having caught more fish than will sup myself and my friend.
c. To give a supper to, entertain at supper.
1619in Crt. & Times Jas. I (1848) II. 174 This day, I think, the Lorraine ambassador is supped. 1865Sala in Reader No. 117. 337/1 They will breakfast you, they will sup you. 1907Daily Chron. 20 July 3/2 They lunched her at the Carlton, dined her at the Trocadero, supped her at Prince's. |