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▪ I. rasp, n.1|rɑːsp, -æ-|
Also 6–7 raspe; 6 north. respe, 6, 9 Sc. resp.
[a. OF. raspe (F. râpe: see rape n.3), f. rasper to rasp v.1 Cf. med.L. raspa (1389 in Du Cange). Du., Da., Sw. rasp, G. raspe, are also of F. origin.]
1. a. A coarse kind of file, having separate teeth raised on its surface by means of a pointed punch; also, any similar tool or implement used for scraping or rubbing down.
1541Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 176 Item, ane resp, ane turcas, and four cuchin nailis of jrne. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 14 b/1 The Raspes or Scrapers, called in Latine, Radulæ. 1611Cotgr., Froyer, a rubber; also, a raspe. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. 54 Most Rasps have formerly been made of Iron and Case-hardned. 1698Froger Voy. 59 They are usually grated with Rasps made for that purpose. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) V. 138 A steel roller, cut with tools to make teeth like a file or rasp. 1846Holtzapffel Turning II. 819 When the file is spoken of, a double-cut file is always implied, unless a single-cut file, or a rasp, is specifically named. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §238. 86 Rasps generally speaking are used in carpentry for cutting away or smoothing wood.
b. In sugar making, a mechanical device for grating down beet-roots.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1210 Blocks of wood, with which the workman pushes the beet-roots against the revolving rasp.
2. transf.
a. A rough surface like that of a rasp.
1869Blackmore Lorna D. lxix, The horses from the country..with the rasp of winter bristles rising through..the soft summer-coat.
b. Zool. The radula of a mollusk, or one of the teeth on this.
1879B. Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc., Zool. XIV. 716 With several hooked or serrated central rasps. 1883Encycl. Brit. (ed. 9) XVI. 639 Lingual ribbon, rasp, or radula.
c. A ribbed band or organ in some insects.
1826Kirby & Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxx. 143 This animal..has on it a double series of rasps. 1871Darwin Descent of Man I. x. 378 The rasp generally consists of a narrow, slightly-raised surface, crossed by very fine, parallel ribs.
3. The act of rasping, or rubbing with something comparable to a rasp.
1875J. Grant One of the ‘600’ iii. 30, I..angrily gave my hair a finishing rasp with a pair of huge..hair-brushes.
4. A rough sound as of a rasp.
a1851Moir Field of Pinkie v, Hark to the rasp of Grey's fierce cavalry. 1878R. W. Gilder Poet & Master 19 The grasshoppers' rasp, and rustle of sheaf. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 25 Dec. 4/1 ‘Christ, can you believe that?’ he cries in his staccato, Brooklyn-accented rasp that has been honed just enough so that his ‘thats’ don't come out ‘dats’. 1977Rolling Stone 30 June 113/1 Like many such groups, Detective centers around a guitarist (Michael Monarch, whose aggressive rasp distinguished the earliest Steppenwolf sides).
5. attrib. and Comb., as rasp-cutter, rasp-maker (1885); rasp-cutting, rasp-like adjs.; rasp-grass (see quot.); rasp-palm, a Brazilian palm (Iriartea exorhiza), having exposed roots which are used by the natives as rasps; rasp-pod, an Australian tree (Flindersia australis), bearing woody capsules serving as rasps (Morris Austral Eng.); rasp-punch, a punch for raising the teeth of rasps (Knight 1875); rasp-teeth, teeth resembling those of a rasp.
1831Sutherland Farm Rep. 67 in Lib. Usef. Knowl. Husb. III, The sheep find, on the peat of damper and deeper quality..rasp grass (carex cæspitosa). 1849–52Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 874/1 Conical teeth as close set and sharp pointed as the villiform teeth, but of larger size, are called ‘rasp-teeth’. 1851–6Woodward Mollusca 327 Shell..armed in front with rasp-like imbrications. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1881/2 The rasp-cutting machine resembles the file-cutting machine..in the striking and feeding parts. 1882J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants, Rasp-palm.
▪ II. rasp, n.2|rɑːsp, -æ-|
Also 6 respe, 6–7 raspe.
[Related to raspis2, and perh. a back-formation from it. Now chiefly north. and Sc.]
1. = raspberry 1.
1555Eden Decades 132 Bramble busshes bearynge blacke berries or wylde raspes. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 477 For kindes of fruites, they haue..rasps, strawberies, and hurtilberies. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 133 At Bristol he saw Raspes sold for four pence the quart at Michaelmas. 1731E. Albin Nat. Hist. Birds 16 It feeds on Cherries..Goosberries and Rasps, and other Fruit. 1871Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. Aug. 507 Wild cranberries, strawberries, rasps, and other berries.
2. = raspberry 2.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 32 Plant Respe and rose. 1626Bacon Sylva §487 Take Sorrell, and set it among Rasps. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 117 Rasps and Vines always bear upon a fresh sprout. 1796C. Marshall Garden. iii. (1813) 39 The smooth wooded or cane rasp is to be preferred for a principal crop. 1853G. Johnston Nat. Hist. E. Bord. I. 71 The Rasp only ascends into the ravines and wooded deans.
▪ III. rasp, v.1|rɑːsp, -æ-|
[App. a. OF. rasper (F. râper) = Sp., Pg. raspar, It. and med.L. raspare, perh. of Teut. origin: cf. OHG. raspôn to collect, scrape together. (MHG. ûf raspen occurs once; mod.Du. and G. raspen are app. from French). ME. rospen may also be related.]
†1. trans. To inscribe by scraping or scratching. Obs. rare—1.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1545 Biholdand þe honde til hit hade al grauen, & rasped on þe roȝ woȝe runisch sauez.
2. a. To scrape or abrade with a rasp or other rough instrument.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1724 Þe fyste..Þat rasped renyschly þe woȝe with þe roȝ penne. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 384 He can turn 20 of these [twists], whilst one is cut or rasp't. 1694Phil. Trans. XVIII. 278 The Root rasped affords a fine Flour or Powder. 1762Borlase Ibid. LII. 509 As if it had been rasped by a rough rounded file. 1811Self Instructor 538 Logwood being rasped and shaved into small chips. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 90 The fuze must be rasped if necessary.
b. To scrape or rub in a rough manner.
1715Cheyne Philos. Princ. Relig. i. (ed. 2) 90 The Mercury in the Agitation of the Tube, rasping the Sides thereof. 1824S. E. Ferrier Inher. lxxxvii, He put his feet actually within the fender, and rasped and crunched the ashes. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxxviii, The pony..evinced a strong desire to..rasp himself against the brick walls. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 164 The ice played its part in rasping and grinding and polishing the surface of the land.
transf.1868J. G. Holland Kathrina i. (1869) 20, I heard the harsh, reiterant katydids Rasp the mysterious silence.
c. fig. To grate upon, to irritate.
1810Sporting Mag. XXXV. 80, I saw Flaherty, the deceased, and the two Jordans rasping each other. 1866Mrs. Stowe Little Foxes 14 The mistress is rasped, irritated, despairing. 1887R. N. Carey Uncle Max xxxviii. 304 Her hard, metallic voice had rasped the invalid's nerves.
d. To grate (the hard crust) off (a roll); also intr. for pass.
1889R. Wells Pastrycook & Confectioner's Guide ii. 11 French rolls must always be rasped. 1892― Mod. Pract. Bread Baker 57 They must be well baked, or they will not rasp as all French rolls should. 1908J. Kirkland Mod. Baker II. xxvi. 162 These rolls are occasionally baked with a very hard crust, which is afterwards rasped off.
3. To scrape off or away.
1789Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) II. 77, I began to rasp off the bark. 1862Tyndall Mountaineer. viii. 72 These rocks are known to have their angles rasped off, and to be fluted and scarred by the ice. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. viii. (1878) 329 The stream as it rushed up rasped away the sides of the hole.
4. To utter with a grating sound. Also absol., transf. and with out.
1843O. W. Holmes An After-Dinner Poem 46 Grating songs..Rasped from the throats of bellowing amateurs. 1877Harper's Mag. Oct. 664/1 A somewhat harsh clock rasped out the seconds. 1905Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 276/1 Commander McTurk stiffened. ‘Ah,’ he rasped, ‘that's news to me.’ Ibid. Nov. 543/1 ‘Really, Bridget!’ her brother rasped out, ‘I wish you wouldn't interfere.’ 1922Joyce Ulysses 442 A bunch of loiterers listen to a tale which their broken snouted gaffer rasps out. 1937C. S. Forester Happy Return x. 124 ‘Hard-a-starboard,’ he rasped at the quartermaster. 1962[see hell n. 10 h]. 1976W. Greatorex Crossover 142 ‘I'm not thirsty,’ Calder said. ‘I've had enough for one night.’ ‘You're telling me,’ the inspector rasped. 1977Time 28 Nov. 50/3 Rasped an Agriculture official: ‘That was a technically accurate statement. But it also was a god-damn lie.’
5. intr. or absol.
a. To scrape or grate, esp. on a stringed instrument.
1808S. W. Ryley Itinerant I. iv. 91 A blind fiddler, mounted on a three footed stool, rasped away very seriously the black Joke. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy xviii. 155 Murphy, who presided in the cart full of fiddlers.., shouted..‘Rasp and lilt away boys’. 1870A. Steinmetz Gaming Table II. iv. 113 Sorrily rasping on an execrable fiddle.
fig.1848Lowell Vision Sir Launfal i. 5 This man, so foul and bent of stature, Rasped harshly against his dainty nature. 1863Holland Lett. Joneses vi. 86 Your husband grew tired..with rasping against so much new domestic material.
b. To make a grating sound; to go about complaining in an irritating voice.
1868M. H. Smith Sunsh. & Shad. N. York 302 He has a loud, harsh, sharp tone, that rasps like a file. 1874L. Carr Jud. Gwynne I. iii. 82 With a shrill voice ceaselessly echoing harshly-worded complaints..Mrs. Nosgood rasped about the place from morning till night.
c. With on: to grate upon or irritate.
1898F. P. Dunne Mr. Dooley in Peace & War 232 But wan day it happened that that whole fam'ly begun to rasp on wan another. 1905Pall Mall Mag. Dec. 674/2 Any reference to the Philippine campaign rasped on his nerves.
▪ IV. rasp, v.2 Now dial.|rɑːsp, -æ-|
Also 9 resp.
[? Imitative.]
intr. and trans. To belch.
1626Bacon Sylva §123 All Eruptions of Aire..in Rasping, Sneezing, &c. 1627Bp. Hall Heauen vpon Earth §26. 96 The man of nice education..rasping since his last meale. 1640W. Style Antisco's Spanish Gallant 9 [If] by reason of thy full feeding, or couldnesse of stomack, thou hast a provocation to rasp wind. a1825Forby E. Anglian Gloss., Rasp, Resp, to belch. |