| 释义 |
▪ I. † rase, n.1 Obs.
[f. rase v.1]
1. The act of scraping or scratching; the fact of being scratched or cut.
1530Palsgr. 261/1 Rase, a scrapyng, rasure. 1628Gaule Pract. The. (1629) 266 The rase of whose skinne..was more then the torment of their wretched Bodyes.
2. A scratch, cut, slit. = race n.3
1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 739 Onely a little rase or scratch seen, as it were of a bodkin or penknife. 1601Holland Pliny II. 499 All the hacks, cuts, gashes, and rases all ouer the body. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. No. 2. 17 Set the edge of it upon that Mark or Rase.
▪ II. † rase, n.2 Obs. rare—0.
[a. OF. rase ‘mesure rase’ (see Godef.), fem. of ras, ad. L. rāsus: see next.]
Struck measure.
1691Blount Law Dict. (ed. 2) s.v., Toll shall be taken by the Rase, and not by the Heap or Cantel.
▪ III. rase, v.1|reɪz|
Also 5 Sc. rass-.
[a. F. raser = Sp., Pg. rasar, It. rasare:—pop. L. *rāsāre, f. rās- ppl. stem of rādere to scrape, etc. See also race v.3, raise v.2, raze v.]
†1. trans. To scratch or tear with something sharp; to cut, slit, or slash (esp. the skin or clothing). Obs. (Common c 1400–1700.)
c1400Destr. Troy 8519 Andromoca..Rasit [printed rafit] þe red chekis roidly with hond. c1440Partonope 2108 Partanopes cote Was foule rasyd and eke I-rent. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe iv. ii. (1541) 78 b, Yf the reume be sharp it raseth the inner skinne of the throte. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 37 They must be stitched finelie, pincked, cutte, karued, rased, nickt, and I cannot tell what. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. ii. xxi. (1821) 420 Sir William Godolphin a little rased on the thigh with a Halbert. 1665–76Rea Flora 18 Rase or cut the bottoms of your roots. 1714Gay Trivia ii. 244 Wheels..rase with whiten'd Tracks the slipp'ry tide.
†b. intr. To slash; to make way or penetrate; to make an incised mark. Obs.
1470–85Malory Arthur vii. iv, They rasshed to gyders lyke borys tracynge rasynge and foynynge. 1677W. Hubbard Narrative (1865) I. 117 Sorely wounded by a Bullet that rased to his Skull. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. No. 2. 17 You mark the out-lines..either with Chalk, or else rase upon the Plate with the corner of the Cold-Chissel.
c. trans. To incise (a mark or line).
1815Burney Falconer's Dict. Mar. s.v. Rasing-knife, A small edged tool..used for rasing particular marks on timber [etc.]. 1873Thearle Naval Archit. §39 This inside line is rased or scratched in.
2. To remove by scraping or rasping. Const. with advbs. as away, forth, off, out, or preps. as from, off, out of. Somewhat rare in literal sense.
1388Wyclif Wisd. xiii. 11 A carpenter, hewith doun..a streiȝt tre, and rasith awei perfitli al the riynde therof. ― Ezek. xxvi. 41 Y schal rase the dust therof fro it. c1420Pallad. on Husb. xi. 236 Yf a tender tree Me kitte..and with an yron se The mary rased out. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vii. xvi. §5 All standing superiority amongst persons ecclesiastical these men would rase off with the edge of his speech. 1869Goulburn Purs. Holiness ii. 13 Nothing which occurs in after-life can rase the seal off the bond of their Baptism.
b. esp. To remove (something written) in this way; to erase. Cf. 3. (Chiefly 16–17th c.)
1388Wyclif Pref. Epist. ix. 76/2 Whanne he scrapide or raside awey ony waast writyng. 1486Bk. St. Albans, D ij b, The colouris be rasit owt as oon coloure in rasyng ware take away from an othir. 1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 72 Out of my bookis full sone I shulde hym rase. 1571Digges Pantom. i. xxxv. I iij, Drawen with black lead,..that you maye easely put oute or rase awaye. 1600Holland Livy vii. xli. 279 No soldiors name once entred into the muster-master his booke, should be rased out against his will. 1658Bramhall Consecr. Bps. vi. 148 Unlesse you can rase these words..out of the Statute. 1859Kingsley Misc. (1860) I. 277 Let those too idolized names be rased henceforth from the Calendar.
c. transf. and fig. (chiefly from b).
1388Wyclif Jer. xi. 19 Sende we a tre in to the brede of hym, and rase we hym awei fro the lond of lyueris. 1560tr. Calvin's Foure Serm. N viii, Thei which did wishe it [the church] vtterly rased out and destroyed. 1581–2in W. H. Turner Select Rec. Oxford (1880) 419 Hopinge..wth goode behavioure to rase owt of memorie this my..discredite. 1606G. W[oodcocke] Hist. Ivstine xxiii. 85 They had..rast forth the record of their habitation in Italy. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles iv. 223 That which the most profligate men cannot rase out of their souls. 1726De Foe Hist. Devil i. x. (1840) 142 The Devil did not immediately rase out the notion of religion. 1748Shenstone Ode to Memory 41 Oh from my breast that season rase. a1822Shelley Fiordispina 13 From the catalogue of sins Nature had rased their love.
3. (Without const.) To erase, obliterate (writing), orig. by scraping with a knife. (Freq. in 16–17th c., now rare or Obs.)
1390Gower Conf. II. 21 Lich to the bok in which is rased The lettre, and mai nothing be rad. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. li. Wks. (1876) 101 In lyke maner as lettres be done awaye whan they be rased. 1669Marvell Let. to Mayor of Hull Wks. I. 135 To rase all records in their journals of that matter, that all memory thereof might be extinguisht. 1742Young Nt. Th. v. 514 As the tide rushing rases what is writ In yielding sands.
fig.1401Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 92 He is callid an heretike that rasith oure bileve.
†4. To scrape (a thing) so as to remove something from its surface; also, to scrape down into small particles. Obs.
1388Wyclif 1 Kings vii. 28 Thilke werk of foundementis was raside betwixe. c1400Beryn 2936 Hanybald..be-held his contenaunce, & howe he was I-rasid. 1508Fisher 7 Penit. Ps. li. Wks. (1876) 98 If a table be foule and fylthy of a longe contynuaunce, fyrst we rase it, after whan it is rased we wasshe it. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 34 The small guttes are nearehande rased and gnawen through. 1572W. Bullein Def. agst. Sickness, Dial. Soarnes & Chir. 45 Whyte Guaicum rased and put in a vessell. 1621B. Jonson Gipsies Metam. ii. 111 You are..A table so smooth, and so newly ras'te. 1743[see rased ppl. a.].
†b. To alter (a writing) by erasure. Obs.
1429Sc. Acts Jas. I, II. 17/2 Swa þat þai halde þe forme of the breif..& be nocht rasit na blobit in suspect place. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 86 He found it [the epistle] rased and amended. 1570Foxe A. & M. 3000 He did find in many places..the Book rased with a Pen by the said Wolsey. 1654Burton's Diary (1828) I. 184 The same was, in divers places, rased, interlined, and half of one of the sheets cut off. 1697View Penal Laws 308 Counterfeiting Rasing or Falsifying any Cocquet Certificate. 1703[see rased ppl. a.].
†c. To shave (a person). Obs. rare.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 381 When a rasor cannot rase thee. 1674Cunningham of Craigends Diary 2 June (S.H.S.) 37 To a barber for rasing me.
5. To demolish, to level with the ground; to raze. Now rare. († Also with up.)
1537Lett. Suppression Monasteries (Camden) 165 As concerninge the rasing and takyn down the howse. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 288 That all suche Castells and fortes as he hath,..he shall rase them down to the grounde. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 352 A certain Sirian..pulled downe castles, rased vp townes, and destroyed eueriewhere. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 302 They..rased the noblest Structures in the Land, to sell the Materials. 1769Robertson Chas. V, xi. Wks. 1813 III. 286 Charles ordered not only the fortifications but the town to be rased. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. vi. 158 Ibrahim Pasha..rased their houses to the ground.
transf.1676Hale Contempl. i. 255 A disease..that will suddenly pull down thy Strength, and rase thy Beauty.
†6. To scrape in passing; to graze. Obs.
1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 33 Rhene..rasing as it goes the high bankes..entreth into a round and vast lake. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 59 Sometimes his feet rased the surface of the water.
†b. So intr. Const. on, upon, unto. Obs.
1555Eden Decades 15 The keele of the shyps sumtyme rased on the sandes. Ibid. 58 The capitaynes of the brigantines who had rased nere vnto the coastes. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., To rase or glance upon the ground..is to gallop near the ground, as our English horses do.
†7. To strike off (corn, etc.) at the level of the measure. Obs. rare—1.
1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 4 §2 Be it also enacted, that ther be but only viij. busshelles rased and streken to the quarter of Corne.
▪ IV. † rase, v.2 Obs.
Also 5 ras(s, raase, 6 Sc. raise.
[Variant of race v.4, perh. influenced by prec.]
trans. To pull or pluck.
1375Barbour Bruce iii. 134 Him gan he ras Fra be-hynd hym. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 164 Raase ham all out of rote, as the good gardyner dothe the nettylle. 1470–85Malory Arthur x. lxiv, Syr Palomydes..rassyd of his helme from his hede. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xliii. 145, I shall neuer haue ioy at my herte tyll I haue rased [1601, torne] his herte out of his body. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. ii. 11 He dreamt, the Bore had rased off his Helme.
▪ V. † rase, v.3 Obs.
Also 6 raze.
[= (M)Du. razen, (M)LG. rasen (hence G. rasen, Da. rase, Sw. rasa) to rage; also of dogs, to be rabid.]
intr. To be furious, to rage; esp. of dogs, to growl or bark in rage.
13..Coer de L. 3633 Saladyn began to rase for yre. c1440Promp. Parv. 424/1 Rasyn, as hondys, ringo. 1513Douglas æneis ix. ii. 69 [The wolf] Rasys in ire, for the wod hungris list. 1567Golding Ovid's Met. xiv. (1593) 334 The stones did seeme To rore and bellow hoarse: and dogs to houle and raze extreeme.
▪ VI. † rase, v.4 Obs. rare.
[a. ON. rasa to rush headlong.]
intr. To run quickly, to rush.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1461 Þen, brayn-wod for bate, on burnez he [the boar] rasez. 1390Gower Conf. II. 264 Thries sche began to rase Aboute Eson.
▪ VII. † rase, v.5 Obs. rare—1.
[f. rase race n.5]
intr. To extend as a streak.
1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2142/4 A black brown Nag,..a large Star in the Forehead rasing downwards.
▪ VIII. rase
obs. f. race n., obs. f. raise v., var. rese, obs. pa. tense rise v. |