| 释义 |
▪ I. ‖ ras|rɑːs|
[a. Amharic rās head, chief, from Arab.: cf. reis2, rais.]
1. The title of a leading citizen.
a. An Ethiopian king, prince, or feudal lord.
1682tr. H. Ludolf's New Hist. Ethiopia ii. xii. 213 To these succeeded another Chief Officer whom the Ethiopians call Ras, from the Arabic word which signifies a Head. 1710B. Tellez Trav. Jesuits in Ethiopia x. 54 They constituted another call'd Raz, which signifies Head; because he who has that Employment is next the Emperor, Head of all the great Men in the Empire. 1735Johnson tr. Lobo & Le Grand's Voy. to Abyssinia 262 There is now a Generalissimo established under the title of Ras, or Chief. [1759― Rasselas i. 2 Rasselas was the fourth son of the mighty emperour, in whose dominions the Father of waters begins his course.] 1833Penny Cycl. I. 58/1 Mr. Salt saw..the Ras's wife. 1904S. Walpole Hist. Twenty-Five Yrs. II. xi. 269 Practically, the power was in the hands of several ras, or chiefs—of whom Ras Ali was the foremost—who carried on a turbulent warfare among themselves. 1921Glasgow Herald 14 Sept. 6/3 Most of the power lies in the hands of the important ‘Rases’, who correspond with the Dukes of mediæval Europe, and although nominally members of a vague State Council, are to a large extent independent rulers, with governors and chiefs in practically feudal subordination to them. 1926Ibid. 27 Apr. 7 Mr Rey said that when he arrived in the capital of Abyssinia, Adis Ababa,..he was most kindly received by the Empress and by the Regent, Ras Tafari, who was much interested in the expedition. The Ras not only gave the necessary permits, without which no one could move in Abyssinia, but supplied also some rifles for Mr Rey's men. Ibid., He had an extraordinary welcome from the Governor, Ras Hailu, who was the last of the hereditary Provincial Governors in Abyssinia. The Ras exercised a feudal despotism in his government, and he maintained the old time hospitality. 1936E. Waugh Waugh in Abyssinia i. 38 The rases and officials copied the Emperor.
b. = reis2, rais 2.
1935Words May 7/1 Legionaire Aurelius Philinus of ancient Palmyra set up in 251 a.d. an honorary statue to Septimius Hairan, illustrious senator and head man (ras) of Tadmor (Palmyra) accompanied by a bilingual inscription in Semitic and Greek.
2. transf. An Italian Fascist leader; a petty despot.
1923Glasgow Herald 16 Oct. 6/4 The strength of the materialist group is to be found in the ‘rases’ or ‘bosses’ who have found in the revolution an excellent opportunity to establish themselves as the petty tyrants of their town or district. 1924Ibid. 27 June 8/4 It [sc. a declaration] will compel the ‘rases’ and the physical force party generally to abandon their methods or to resist Mussolini's authority in the open. 1967C. Seton-Watson Italy from Liberalism to Fascism xiii. 594 The local fascist bosses were commonly known as ras, a title borrowed from the feudal nobility of Ethiopia. Ibid., Mussolini hit back.., condemning the parochialism of the ras and the degeneration of Emilian fascism into the defence of sordid private interests. 1973P. A. Allum Politics & Society in Post-War Naples ix. 301 The leadership of the party has been taken over by a solid conservative block..that has as solid supporters that poor class of bosses (ras) of the various provincial centres. 1975Times Lit. Suppl. 11 July 783/3 A biography of Roberto Farinacci, arguably the toughest and unquestionably the most uncouth of the Fascist ‘ras’.
▪ II. ras
obs. f. race n.1, raise v., obs. pa. tense rise.
▪ III. ras
var. rasa1, rasa2. |