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sulphurous, a.
(ˈsʌlfjʊərəs, in Chem. use sʌlˈfjʊərəs)
Also 6 sulpherus, -urus, 6–7 -erous, 7 sulferous, 7–8 sulph'rous, 7, 9 (U.S.) sulfurous.
[ad. L. sulphurōsus (whence OF. sulphureux, from 14th cent.), or f. sulphur n. + -ous. In sense 5 ad. mod.F. sulfureux (Nomencl. Chimique, 1787).]
1. = sulphureous 1.
1530Palsgr. 326/2 Sulpherus, of the nature of brimston, sulphureux. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 66 Eech path was fulsoom with sent of sulphurus orpyn. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 221 Aqua vitæ is the Sulphurous part of Wine. 1635Swan Spec. Mundi v. §2 (1643) 122 Lightning..cometh from sulfurous and other poysonous metallick substances. 1686Lond. Gaz. No. 2163/2 Fire-balls, and other Sulphurous Fire-works. 1825Scott Talism. i, The slimy and sulphurous substance called naphtha. 1872Crookes tr. Wagner's Handbk. Chem. Technol. 257 Alum-shale or schist is a sulphurous iron pyrites. 1879Farrar St. Paul (1883) 484 Amid the sulphurous storm, she gazed back on the voluptuous ease of the City of the Plain.
b. = sulphureous 1 b.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 489 The waters called sulphurous, contain sulphuretted hydrogen. 1856Page Adv. Text-bk. Geol. iii. 34 Sulphurous mud-springs.
2. = sulphureous 2.
1607Dekker Knt.'s Conjur. v. G iij, A Sulphurous stench. 1625tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. ii. 420 The Ile of Folgo, which casteth out sulphurous [ed. 1630 sulphury] flames. 1683Tryon Way to Health 68 The sulpherous moist Vapours, which are of a fierce and sharp Nature are evaporated. 1748Anson's Voy. i. x. 104 A strong sulphurous stench. 1868M. E. Braddon Dead Sea Fr. ii. I. 18 The sulphurous odours of a brickfield.
b. Applied to thunder and lightning (poet.), † hence to thundery or sultry weather. Also occas. volcanic. Cf. sulphureous 2 b.
1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. ii. 115 Mercifull heauen, Thou rather with thy sharpe and sulpherous bolt Splits the..gnarled Oke, Then the soft Mertill. 1610― Temp. i. ii. 204 Cracks Of sulphurous roaring. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 7 The weather was very sulphurous and raging hot. 1660Hickeringill Jamaica (1661) 4, I have found the Aire as sulferous and hot in England..as in the hottest seasons at Iamaica. 1667Milton P.L. i. 171 The Sulphurous Hail Shot after us in storm. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam ii. xiv, A sulphurous hill. 1820Wordsw. San Salvador 5 Sink (if thou must) as heretofore, To sulphurous bolts a sacrifice.
c. Of or belonging to (the smoke of) gunpowder.
1620Dekker Dreame 6 The Canons Sulphurous thundering. 1622Drayton Poly-olb. xxix. 264 When Edenbrough and Leeth, into the air were blown With powder's sulphurous smoke. 1801Campbell Hohenlinden 24 Where furious Frank and fiery Hun Shout in their sulphurous canopy. 1816Byron Siege Cor. xxix, From every crevice comes the shot; From every shatter'd window pour The volleys of the sulphurous shower.
3. allusively and fig.
a. Pertaining to sulphur or brimstone as an adjunct of hell or the infernal regions; hellish, satanic. Also, pertaining to or dealing with hell-fire.
1602Shakes. Ham. i. v. 3 When I to sulphurous and tormenting Flames Must render vp my selfe. 1605― Lear iv. vi. 130 There's hell, there's darkenes, there is the sulphurous pit. 1682Creech tr. Lucretius iii. 26 No Hell, no sulphurous Lakes. 1812Shelley Devil's Walk 138 His sulphurous Majesty. 1816Southey Poet's Pilgr. i. i. 4 Like Satan rising from the sulphurous flood. 1886H. W. Beecher in Christ. World Pulpit XXIX. 761 Their hands [sc. pirates'] are red with blood; their hearts are sulphurous. 1903J. C. Smith R. Wallace 126 The sulphurous theology of the North of Scotland.
b. In immaterial sense: Fiery, heated.
1611B. Jonson Catiline iii. G 3, She ha's a sulphurous spirit, and will take Light at a sparke. a1628Sir J. Beaumont Agst. Abused Love 87 And with a pandar's sulph'rous breath inflam'd, Became a meteor, for destruction fram'd. 1650T. Hubbert Pill Formality 138 Quenching his sulphurous lust in dirty puddles. 1858Carlyle Fredk. Gt. x. ii. II. 583 Duc de Rohan rose, in a sulphurous frame of mind.
c. Of language, expression: Characterized by heat; in recent use, blasphemous, profane.
[1616: see sulphurious quot. 1599.] 1828Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 78 And so on through many other sulphurous pages. 1865Holland Plain Talk ii. 69 The sulphurous satire which he points with such deadly fire at the very Society which makes him fashionable. 1879[see sulphurously]. 1897C. Morley Stud. Board Schools 3 He used strong language..sulphurous words, and the very biggest D's, I was assured.
4. = sulphureous 4. Also advb.
1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. ii. viii, Burning sulphurous-blue,..it still shines. 1899W. T. Greene Cage-Birds 50 The Sulphurous Finch. 1908Daily Chron. 17 June 6/5 Her dress of sulphurous green cloth.
5. Chem. Designating compounds in which sulphur is present in a larger proportion than in sulphuric compounds. sulphurous acid: (a) more fully, sulphurous acid gas († air), an old name for sulphur dioxide; (b) the acid (H2SO3) resulting from the combination of sulphur dioxide with water. sulphurous oxide or sulphurous anhydride: sulphur dioxide, SO2, a transparent colourless gas with a pungent and suffocating smell, obtained by burning sulphur in dry air or oxygen. Hence, designating compounds derived from sulphurous acid, as sulphurous chloride, sulphurous ether.
1790Kerr tr. Lavoisier's Elem. Chem. Pref. p. xxviii, The sulphurous combinations. Ibid. 223 The sulphurous acid is formed by the union of oxygen with sulphur by a lesser degree of oxygenation than the sulphuric acid. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. Wks. 1840 IV. 25 Sulphurous acid air. 1823Faraday Exp. Res. xx. 89 Mercury, and concentrated sulphuric acid were sealed up in a bent tube and..heat was carefully applied. Sulphurous acid gas was produced where the heat acted. 1848Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 2) 392 Sulphurous ether; AeO,SO2. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 540 Sulphurous Oxide, or Sulphurous Anhydride, SO2. Ibid. 542 Sulphurous Chloride, SOCl2. Chloride of Thionyl. Sulphurous Chloraldehyde. 1897H. Aldersmith Ringworm (ed. 4) 185 Sulphurous acid..is an excellent parasiticide.
Hence ˈsulphurously adv., in a sulphurous manner; esp. with ‘sulphurous’ language.
1879F. H. Burnett Haworth's II. vii. 81 Haworth stopped him by swearing again, something more sulphurously than before. 1891Farrar Darkness & Dawn II. 218 The morning dawned sulphurously hot. 1897A. Page Afternoon Ride 73 Dr. Browne sulphurously insisting on his wife receiving this ‘lady’ with cordiality. |