| 释义 |
sulphuric, a.|sʌlˈfjʊərɪk|
[ad. F. sulfurique (Nomencl. Chimique, 1787): see sulphur n. and -ic 1.]
1. Chem. sulphuric acid, a highly corrosive oily fluid (hydrogen sulphate, H2SO4), also called oil of vitriol, in its pure state a dense liquid without colour or smell; prepared on a large scale for use in arts and trades by burning iron pyrites or sulphur and leading the fumes, together with oxides of nitrogen and air, over into chambers into which jets of steam are forced.
Formerly used also for sulphur trioxide, sulphuric acid gas, SO3; also called anhydrous sulphuric acid.
1790Kerr tr. Lavoisier's Elem. Chem. 355 Fluid substances, such as sulphuric and nitric acids. 1791Hamilton Berthollet's Dyeing I. i. i. i. 5 The solution of indigo in the sulphuric (vitriolic) acid. 1794Pearson tr. Morveau's Chem. Nomencl. 3 These three species are named the Sulphureous, the Sulphuric, and the Oxygenated Sulphuric Acids. 1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 420 Sulphuric acid is the union of oxygen and sulphur. 1866Roscoe Elem. Chem. 169 Salt-cake process. This process consists in the decomposition of salt by means of sulphuric acid.
attrib.1827Faraday Chem. Manip. xv. (1842) 393 A sulphuric acid bath..may be used with great advantage in the desiccation of particular gases. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 339 Sulphuric acid baths exerted a favourable influence on the eruptions. 1851Catal. Great Exhib. iv. 1077 Sulphuric acid clay, known in trade under the denomination of aluminas. 1876Dunglison Med. Lex. s.v. Sulphuric Acid, Sulphuric Acid Lemonade..is made by adding together sulphuric acid, water, and syrup.
b. With qualifying word, as concentrated, dilute, glacial, Nordhausen (see these words).
anhydrous sulphuric acid, sulphur trioxide. fuming sulphuric acid, a mixture of sulphuric acid and sulphur trioxide. German sulphuric acid = Nordhausen.
1790Kerr tr. Lavoisier's Elem. Chem. 272 Concentrated sulphuric acid. 1800[see glacial 2 b]. 1842Francis Dict. Arts s.v., Nordhausen or German sulphuric acid. 1867Chambers' Encycl. IX. 203/1 Sulphuric Anhydride, formerly known as Anhydrous Sulphuric Acid.
c. Related to or derived from sulphuric acid.
sulphuric anhydride: sulphur trioxide. sulphuric ether, ethylic or vinic ether, a compound formed by the action of sulphuric acid upon spirits of wine. sulphuric oxide: sulphur trioxide.
1815J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art III. 96 Ether, sulphuric. 1862Miller Elem. Chem., Org. (ed. 2) iii. §6. 245 The hydrocarbons of this class combine readily with sulphuric anhydride [ed. 1857 anhydrous sulphuric acid]. 1868Watts Dict. Chem. V. 569 Sulphuric Oxide or Anhydride, SO3. Anhydrous Sulphuric Acid. Ibid. 576 Sulphuric Chloride, SO2Cl2. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. xvii. 449 For barely visible redness formic aether is more opaque than sulphuric.
†2. Consisting of or containing sulphur. Obs. rare.
1794Hutton Philos. Light, etc. 205 In the deflagration of sulphur, while the phlogistic part escapes in light, the proper sulphuric matter is oxigenated. 1811Pinkerton Petral. II. 62 The rocks of common salt, with the bituminous, sulphuric, and metallic. |