| 释义 |
sulphonamide Chem. and Pharm.|sʌlˈfɒnəmaɪd|
Also (U.S.) sulf-.
[f. sulphone + amide.]
a. Any organic compound that is an amide of a sulphonic acid, characterized by the group {b1}SO2N{b2}; spec. any of the drugs derived from sulphanilamide (and so containing this group).
1881Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XL. 602 The [1:4:3] acid..is converted by ammonia into a sulphonamide crystallising in needles. 1947Sci. News IV. 60 When new drugs like the sulphonamides or D.D.T. are developed, their chemical properties have been reported for thirty years or so, and it is their biological effects which are the true modern discoveries. 1959Times 7 Dec. (Agric. Suppl.) p. vii/4 To prevent coccidiosis in chickens, nitrophenol, a sulfonamide..is added to the feed. 1964N. G. Clark Mod. Org. Chem. xx. 414 In most cases, the sulphonamides have convenient melting-points, and are admirably suitable for characterizing both sulphonic acids and amines. 1974[see potentiated ppl. a.]. 1977Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia (ed. 27) 1468/1 Because they are similar in chemical structure to p-aminobenzoic acid, sulphonamides interfere with the synthesis by micro-organisms of folic acid from p-aminobenzoic acid... The sulphonamides have been largely replaced by antibiotics in the treatment of infections.
b. attrib. and Comb., as sulphonamide drug, sulphonamide group (of atoms or of drugs); sulphonamide-resistant adj.
1943Times 16 June 5/7 Recent American figures suggest that one death occurs from the Sulphonamide drugs in every 2,571 deaths from all causes. 1959Sci. News LI. 96 Antithyroid activity was first observed in some of the sulphonamide drugs, but the first compound used clinically, in 1943 by Astwood in America, was thiourea. 1979Davies & Littlewood Elementary Biochem. iv. 83 Sulfonamide drugs are not effective in open, suppurating wounds; such wounds contain pus and other materials that are a source of p-aminobenzoic acid, which antagonizes the action of the sulfonamide drugs.
1939Brit. Med. Jrnl. 5 Aug. 269/2 Sulphanilamide consists of a benzene ring to opposite ends of which are attached an amino group and a sulphonamide group. 1942Times 21 Sept. 5/7 Another most important factor in saving life has been the series of new drugs, of which the sulphonamide group is the most important. 1942Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. & Med. L. 336 The present report is concerned with the in vitro and in vivo production of sulfonamide resistant strains of staphylococci. 1968Times 12 Oct. 18/8 One of the organisms sometimes responsible for travellers' diarrhoea is now sulphonamide-resistant. 1981H. J. Rogers et al. Textbk. Clin. Pharmacol. xix. 649 Sulphadiazine is now only rarely used (with benzylpenicillin) in the treatment of meningococcal meningitis since sulphonamide-resistant meningococci are common. |