| 释义 |
▪ I. disturb, v.|dɪˈstɜːb|
Forms: 3–6 des-, dys-, 4–6 dis-, -torbe, -tourbe, -turbe, 6 distowrb, -trub, -troub, 6– disturb.
[ME. destorben, destourben, a. OF. destorbe-r, -turbe-r, -tourbe-r, = Pr., OSp. destorbar (Sp. disturbar), It. disturbare, sturbare:—L. disturbāre to throw into disorder, disturb, f. dis- 5 + turbāre to disorder, disturb, f. turba tumult, turmoil, crowd.]
1. a. trans. To agitate and destroy (quiet, peace, rest); to break up the quiet, tranquillity, or rest of (a person, a country, etc.); to stir up, trouble, disquiet.
c1290Beket 1268 in S. Eng. Leg. 142 A destaunce þare is i-sproungue, liȝtliche in Engelonde, Þat destourbez al þat lond. 1297R. Glouc. (1724) 90 Þe kynges neuew, þo he herde þis, Was wroþ, and destourbede al þe court y wys. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) II. 347 Jupiter þat was ful cruel and desturbed þe pees. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 408 Wherby the kynges pes be dysturbed. 1530Palsgr. 522/1, I have a sewte to you, but I dare nat distourbe you. Ibid. 523/1, I distroube, I troubyll. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. i. 98 Three ciuill Broyles..Haue thrice disturb'd the quiet of our streets. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 279 No buzzing Sounds disturb their Golden Sleep. 1701De Foe True-born Eng. i. 9 No Nonconforming Sects disturb his Reign. 1882C. Pebody Eng. Journalism xxiii. 185 Burmah was disturbed, and a correspondent was instantly despatched to Mandalay. 1885Marquis of Salisbury Speech 4 Nov., Lord Granville says that I have disturbed the Sleeping lion.
b. To throw into a state of physical agitation, commotion, or disorder; to agitate.
1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner B iij, Mulberries..Breede winde: disturbe the stomacke. 1650H. Vaughan Silex Scint. i. (1858) 105 The famous fan Purging the floor which chaff disturbs. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 24 The sea raged and seemed disturbed as it is under London⁓bridge. 1817–18Shelley Rosalind & H. 838 Like an image in the lake Which rains disturb.
c. To move anything from its settled condition or position; to unsettle.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 215 Disturb not their Beds, but hand-weed them. 1815Shelley Alastor 261 With lightning eyes, and eager breath, and feet Disturbing not the drifted snow. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Lit. Wks. (Bohn) II. 103 A strong common sense, which it is not easy to unseat or disturb, marks the English mind for a thousand years. Mod. Do not disturb the plants after they show signs of bloom. Plant it in some permanent position where it will not be disturbed.
d. refl. To put oneself out by moving, etc. (e.g. in order to assist a person).
1831T. L. Peacock Crotchet Castle iii, The stranger was rising up, when Mr. Crotchet begged him not to disturb himself. 1888Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere xiii, ‘Can I find anything for you?’ he said springing up. She hesitated a moment, then..she said..: ‘Pray don't disturb yourself. I know exactly where to find it.’
2. To agitate mentally, discompose the peace of mind or calmness of (any one); to trouble, perplex.
c1305Edmund Conf. 369 in E.E.P. (1862) 80 Þer ne ful noȝt a reynes drope to desturbi a manes mod. 1382Wyclif Eccl. vii. 8 [7] Chaleng disturbeth [1388 disturblith] the wise man. a1400–50Alexander 5159 Þan was ser Candoile in þat cas kenely distourbid. 1567Drant Horace Epist. vi. C viij, Both parties are distrubde with feare. 1684R. H. School Recreat. 85 Let not this or any other Pastime disturb your Minds. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 204 ⁋13 Having been first disturbed by a dream, he afterwards grieved that a dream could disturb him. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. ii. 150 She was not a person who would have been disturbed by the loss of a few Court vanities.
3. a. To interfere with the settled course or operation of; to put out of its course; to interrupt, derange, hinder, frustrate.
c1290Beket 380 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 117 Þe loue was euere gret i-nouȝ bi-tweone seint thomas And þe Kinge, for-to þe feond destourbede hit, allas! c1380Sir Ferumb. 2456 Þe þef þer riȝt scholde haue leyen by ys lef, Nad he come þo as god wolde & distorbed þat myschef. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxi. 98 Men may ga sauely and sikerly thurgh his land and na man be so hardy to disturbe þam. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 788 She devised to disturbe this mariage. 1626Bacon Sylva §224 Sounds that moue in Oblique and Arcuate Lines must needs encounter and Disturbe the one the other. 1784Cowper Task ii. 492 Praise..Is oft too welcome, and may much disturb The bias of the purpose. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 42 In a mathematical demonstration an error in the original number disturbs the whole calculation which follows. 1883Sir W. Williams in Law Times Rep. XLIX. 139/2 No sufficient grounds have been shown for disturbing that judgment or for granting a new trial.
†b. with inf. To hinder by interference. Obs.
c1386Chaucer Melib. ⁋11 He is a fool that destourbeth the mooder to wepen in the deeth of hire childe, til sche haue wept hir fille, as for a certein tyme. c1391― Astrol. i. §2 This ring rennyth..in so Rowm a space that hit disturbith nat the instrument to hangen aftur his rihte centre.
†4.
a. With of, from: To deprive of; to drive, turn, or draw away from, by disturbance. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 162 He..þet no muruhðe, ne noise, ne þrung of folc ne muhte letten him of his beoden, ne disturben him of his god. c1305Edmund Conf. 417 in E.E.P. (1862) 82 Ne let noman in gon To desturbi me of mie studie. c1386Chaucer Pard. Prol. & T. 12 (Ellesm.) That no man be so boold..Me to destourbe [so Hengwrt, Corpus, Harl. 7334; Lansd. destorble, Bodl. 686 distrouble] of Cristes hooly werk. 1658Rowland Moufet's Theat. Ins. 899 Bees are most patient of labour in the day time, but most impatient of being scared in the night, and of being disturbed of their rest. 1667Milton P.L. i. 168 So as perhaps Shall grieve him..and disturb His inmost counsels from their destind aim.
b. Law. To deprive of the peaceful enjoyment or possession of. See disturbance 4.
[1292Britton ii. xxv. §i, Ceux qi de commune sount engittez ou destourbez. transl. Those who are ejected or disturbed of their common.] 1541Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 32 The vicar of the parishe..wolde now disturbe the said tenauntes and inhabitauntes of their saide parishe church. 1865Nichols Britton I. 285 If one of the parceners be ejected or disturbed of his seisin. 1870Fisher Digest Rep. Cases II. 3319 An action against a stranger for disturbing the plaintiff in his pew.
▪ II. † diˈsturb, n. Obs.
[f. the vb.]
An act of disturbing; a thing that disturbs; disturbance.
[1594Shakes. Rich. III, iv. ii. 73 Foes to my Rest, and my sweet sleepes disturbers [Qq. disturbes]. ]1597Daniel Civ. Wars vi. xlvii, From all Disturbs to be so long kept free. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 549 Instant without disturb they took Allarm, And onward move Embattelld. |