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▪ I. † diˈstribute, pa. pple. Obs.
Also -ut.
[ad. L. distribūt-us, pa. pple. of distribuĕre: see next.]
Distributed (of which it was prob. at length regarded as a contracted form).
1434E.E. Wills (1882) 99 To be distribute among pore⁓folk. 1538Starkey England ii. ii. 183 By them al byschop⁓rykys and al hye offyce of dygnyte schold be dystrybut. 1552Abp. Hamilton Catech. (1884) 98 To be distrubit [? distribut] to thaim self. 1562Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees 1835) 203 Sex pounds thirteyne shillings forpence to be distribute emongst ye poore of the parishe.
▪ II. distribute, v.|dɪˈstrɪbjuːt|
Also 5–8 des-, 6 dys-; 5–6 pa. tense and pple. distribut.
[f. L. distribūt- ppl. stem of distribuĕre, f. dis- 1, in various directions + tribuĕre to assign, grant, deliver.]
1. trans. To deal out or bestow in portions or shares among a number of recipients; to allot or apportion as his share to each person of a number.
1460J. Capgrave Chron. 32 Josue..disposed and distribut the lond of behest to the puple. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 176 There he abode thre dayes in departyng & destrybutyng the goodes. 1574tr. Littleton's Tenures 30 a, To distribut in almes to an hundred poore men an hundred pence. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, v. iv. 20 As much [beating] as one sound Cudgell of foure foote..could distribute, I made no spare Sir. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 60 Happiness and misery..may sometimes be distributed by way of mere discipline. 1840Hood Up Rhine 37 Pray distribute my kindest regards amongst all friends. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. 546 The doctrine generally received..was that it was shameful to receive bribes, but that it was necessary to distribute them.
absol.1526–34Tindale 1 Cor. vii. 17 But even as God hath distributed to every man..so let him walke. 1611Bible Rom. xii. 13 Distributing to the necessity of Saints.
†b. To dispense, administer (justice, etc.). Obs.
1607Shakes. Cor. iii. iii. 99 Not in the presence of dreaded Justice, but on the Ministers That doth distribute it. 1698Froger Voy. 125 The Power of distributing Justice is vested in him. 1746Jortin Chr. Relig. iii. (R.), He will distribute rewards and punishments to all, proportionably to their behaviour in the days of their mortality.
2. To spread or disperse abroad through a whole space or over a whole surface; properly, so that each part of the space or surface receives a portion; less definitely, to spread generally, scatter. (In pass. often with reference merely to situation, with no idea of motion: cf. diffused, dispersed.)
c15111st Eng. Bk. Amer. (Arb.) Introd. 33/1 They shall be dystributed or parted thorough all the world. 1615J. Stephens Satyr. Ess. 229 A Spend-thrift..will promise much and meane nothing: for he distributes his words as commonly as Printers. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 109 Those that are of a soft substance, are easily digested, and distributed. 1736Nature Display'd III. 431 This subtle and active Element [fire] is distributed in great Abundance all round the Earth. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 657 (Printing Machine) The mechanism for supplying the ink, and distributing it over the form. 1889A. R. Wallace Darwinism 340 Mammalia may be said to be universally distributed over the globe. 1890Wormell Electr. in Serv. Man 49 On [non-spherical] shapes electricity is not uniformly distributed.
b. Said of the ramification of vessels, pipes, etc.
1659Vulg. Errors Censured 32 Nerves..divided into..Filaments, distributed after a most exact order throughout the whole Body. 1804Abernethy Surg. Obs. 20 The vessels are distributed in their usual arborescent manner. 1869E. A. Parkes Pract. Hygiene (ed. 3) 15 Water should be distributed not only to every house, but to every floor.
3. To divide (a whole or collective body) into parts having distinct characters or functions; to divide and arrange.
1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 25 He hath in his courte twelue thousand horsemen, whiche..distribute their wayting dayes after this order. 1611Bible 2 Chron. xxiii. 18 The Leuites, whom Dauid had distributed in the house of the Lord, to offer the burnt offrings of the Lord. 16435 Years Jas. I in Select. Harl. Misc. (1793) 311, I will break and distribute the proofs. 1659Hammond On Ps. civ. 8 Paraphr. 511 The earth [being] distributed into mountains and valleys. 1710Prideaux Orig. Tithes i. 13 The Law of Moses is usually distributed into these three parts: 1 The Moral, 2 The Ceremonial, and 3 The Judicial. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. i, That great peninsula [Spain]..was distributed by Augustus into three provinces. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 294 The Life Guards..were then distributed into three troops.
4. To divide and place in classes, or other divisions; to classify.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort. (1729) 22 These we have distributed into the three following Classes. 1725Watts Logic i. vi. §10 A Politician distributes Mankind according to their civil Characters, into the Rulers and the Ruled. Ibid. ii. ii. §7 Propositions..are distributed into true and false. 1857Henfrey Elem. Course Bot. ii. ii. §386 By the Linnean plan, the Flowering plants of Britain..are..distributed into 22 well-marked classes.
†b. Arith. = divide. Obs.
1593T. Fale Dialling 27 b, The product 9101921907 I distribute by the whole Sine: and the quotient 91019 giveth an ark 65.d. 32.m, the Elevation of the Meridian. 1709–29V. Mandey Syst. Math., Arith. 16 To Divide one Number by another, or to Distribute one into another.
5. To separate and allocate to distinct places or compartments. spec. in Printing. To remove (type that has been ‘composed’ or set up) from the forme, and return each letter into its proper box or compartment in the case. Also absol.
[1615: see sense 2.] 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc. II. 207 The compositer seeks..for a riglet, a little longer than the line of the page he is to destribute, or else he cuts a riglet to that length (this riglet is called a destributing stick). 1736Nature Display'd III. 364 The Types..being again distributed into their Boxes, serve to do the same Office to several others. 1808Post-Off. Law with Instruct. (U.S.), Distributing offices, where the postmasters open the mails addressed Northern, Southern, etc., and distribute the letters into proper mails. 1888J. Southward in Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 701 (Typography) The operation of distributing the types is the converse of that of composing: it is de-composing the forme and returning the several letters to their proper boxes in the case. 1891Athenæum 24 Oct. 558/1 The work is..published in a limited edition, and the type has been distributed. Mod. A compositor who distributes rapidly.
6. Logic. To employ (a term) in its full extension, so that it includes every individual of the class. See distribution 4 b.
[1692Aldrich Artis Logicæ Rud. iii. §3. 5 Quare medium in præmissis semel ad minimum distribui debet. Ibid. §3. 12 Distribuas medium; nec quartus terminus adsit.] 1827Whately Logic ii. iii. §2 The middle term..must be distributed once, at least, in the premises. 1847De Morgan Formal Logic vii. 137. 1849 Mansel Aldrich's Logicæ 59 To say [as Aristotle does] that the major premise in fig. 1 must be universal, or one premise in fig. 2 negative, is equivalent to a rule for distributing the middle term. 1849Abp. Thomson Laws of Thought (1860) §77. 130. 1864 Bowen Logic vii. 181. 1887 Fowler Elem. Deduct. Logic iv. (ed. 9) 34 All universal propositions distribute their subject, whereas particular propositions do not. All negative propositions distribute their predicate, whereas affirmative propositions do not.
7. Grammar. To make distributive (in sense).
1876Mason Eng. Gram. (ed. 21) §173 b, In ‘they loved each other’, each is in the nominative case, in the attributive relation to they, which it distributes in sense.
Hence diˈstributed, diˈstributing ppl. adjs.; diˈstributedly adv. distributed term, distributed middle (see sense 6 above).
1641Milton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 123 That beneficent and ever distributing office of Deacons. [1692Aldrich Art. Log. Rud. iii. §3. 4 Medium non distributum est anceps.] 1826G. S. Faber Difficulties of Romanism i. iv. (1853) 114 Adoration paid to the elements after consecration, on the avowed ground, that those elements, jointly and severally, unitedly and distributedly, have now become the Supreme Being himself. 1827Whately Logic i. §5 A term is said to be ‘distributed’ when it is taken universally, so as to stand for everything it is capable of being applied to. 1844Ibid. ii. iii. §2 Then the conclusion..would have its predicate—the Major term—distributed, which was undistributed in the premiss. 1889Spectator 9 Nov., To avoid the loss of time inherent in distributed workshops. |