| 释义 |
▪ I. diˈstract, ppl. a. arch.
[ad. L. distract-us, pa. pple. of distrahĕre to draw in different directions, pull asunder, f. dis- 1 + trahĕre to draw, drag. See also the earlier distrait from Fr.]
†1. Torn or drawn asunder, divided, separated; scattered; torn to pieces. (In quot. 1398 as pa. pple.) Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ix. xxv. (1495) 362 That the vertues that ben dystracte, sparplyd and made feble by daye wakyng maye be joynyd and rested by benefyce of nyghte. c1400Destr. Troy 3219 Distracte were þai stithly, & stonyt by dene. 1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 231 To your audit comes Their distract parcels in combined sums.
†2. Drawn away, diverted; having the attention diverted. Obs.
1435Misyn Fire of Love 73 Þat with no cry or noys or any odyr þinge fro prayer [þai] may be distracte. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy) p. xlv, The hungry sewers..At euery morsell hath eye unto thy hande So much on thy morsell distract is their minde. 1553Bp. Watson in Crowley Soph. Dr. Watson ii. (1569) 151 The priest..may haue his thoughtes distract to some other thing.
3. Perplexed or confused in mind by having the thoughts drawn in different directions. arch.
a1340Hampole Psalter xxiv. 17, I am noght distracte in many thoghtes. 1432–50tr. Higden (Rolls) I. 421 He..see in the aiere a meruellous thynge thro the whiche siȝhte he began to be distracte. 1581Mulcaster Positions v. (1887) 31 Being distracte with diuersitie of thoughtes. 1671Milton Samson 1556, I recover breath, And sense distract, to know well what I utter. 1854S. Dobell Balder xxiii. 96 She flung her garlands down, and caught, distract, The skirts of passing tempests.
4. Deranged in mind; crazy, mad, insane. arch.
1481Will of Taylour (Somerset Ho.), For seke & distracte people. 1578Lyte Dodoens iii. xciii. 448 To raue, and waxe distracte or furious. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iv. iii. 155 With this she fell distract, And (her Attendants absent) Swallow'd fire. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 212 More peevish, cross, and splenetick Than Dog distract. 1779Sheridan Critic iii. i, My daughter..has gone Distract!
†b. as pa. pple. Driven mad, distracted. Obs.
1547J. Harrison Exhort. Scottes 227 What madnes or deuill..hath so..distracte oure myndes?
†c. phr. distract of one's wits, etc.: cf. distract v. 6 b. Obs.
1470–85Malory Arthur xii. iv, He shold be distracte out of his witte. 1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 242 They that be distract of their right wits. 1578Lyte Dodoens iii. xxvi. 352 Melampus..cured with this herbe..the daughters of Prœtus, which were distract of their memories. 1601F. Godwin Bps. of Eng. 275 Rauing and taking on like a man distract of his wits.
▪ II. distract, v.|dɪˈstrækt|
[f. L. distract- ppl. stem of distrahĕre: see prec. As in many other verbs, the pa. pple. distract, repr. L. distractus, was in use before the finite vb., and with its expanded form distracted, prob. served to introduce the verb into use.]
†1. trans. To draw in different directions; to draw asunder or apart; to draw away; to separate, divide (lit. and fig.). Obs.
1600E. Blount tr. Conestaggio 20 The which he secretly feared, and his ministers greatly hoped for, so were their mindes distracted. 1609Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. (1614) 646 His Godhead was never distracted eyther from soule or bodie. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. vi. (1626) 117 [Marsyas to Apollo] Why doe you (oh!) me from my selfe distract? 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 164 Whereby the Scapula is distracted and abscedes. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xvii. 86 Being distracted in opinions.
†b. To carry away to other parts; to disperse.
16..R. Ashley Comparison, &c., I found the treatise to bee so well liked, that the former copies were for the most part alreadie distracted. 1617Moryson Itin. iii. ii. iii. 88 At Torg, where the best beere is brewed, and from thence distracted to other Cities. 1618Hales Gold. Rem. (1688) 402 Foreign Books brought out of other Countries should not be distracted here without peculiar leave. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) II. 415 The wits of the university were distracted into several counties, by reason of the plague therein.
2. To rend into parts or sections; to divide; usually implying disorder or disintegration. Now rare or Obs.
1585Abp. Sandys Serm. (1841) 380 A kingdom..divided and distracted into factions. 1623Bingham Xenophon 108 The army of the Grecians [was] distracted into parcells. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 124/2 Philosophers who did not distract the Doctrine of their Master into Sects. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 350 The Power was distracted among the Captains of the Conqueror. [1888Pall Mall G. 6 Oct. 6 The subject had to be distracted between two discussions.]
†b. fig. To ‘pull to pieces’, undo, spoil. Obs.
1413Pilgr. Sowle (Caxton) ii. xlvi. (1859) 52 Yet is my ioye in so moche dystracted that thou are not ther. 1695Ld. Preston Boeth. iii. 143 By dissevering and segregating the Parts, that Oneness is distracted.
3. To draw or turn away from actual position, destination, or purpose; to turn aside, or in another direction; to divert. (Now only in to distract the attention, distract the mind, or the like.)
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 84 We schulden be war to kepe hem soundeli, for bodeli þingis distractiþ men to kepe hem riȝt. 1435Misyn Fire of Love 65 On ee þai haue of waytynge, A-nodyr of trw sorow, qwhos lufe distractis þe wytt, peruertis & ouerturnes resone. 1612W. Shute tr. Fougasse's Venice ii. 12 They might easily..distract him from the alliance with the French King. 1643Prynne Sov. Power Parl. App. 166 The Emperour..swears, That he will alianate, distract, or morgage nothing of those things which appertain to the Empire. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. ii. ii. 62 The needle..being distracted, driveth that way where the greater & powerfuller part of the earth is placed. 1744Akenside Pleas. Imag. ii. 52 Vice, distracting their delicious gifts To aims abhorr'd. 1874Carpenter Ment. Phys. i. v. (1879) 214 [This] distracts the mind from the sense of danger. 1878R. W. Dale Lect. Preach. ii. 35 To drive away all thoughts that would distract their attention.
4. To draw in different directions; to divide attention, inclination, etc. (between different objects); to perplex or confuse by divergent aims or interests; to cause dissension or disorder in. (In mod. use often associated with senses 5, 6.)
1597–8Bacon Ess., Followers & Friends (Arb.) 38 To be gouerned by one is not good, and to be distracted with many is worse; but to take aduise of friends is euer honorable. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 216 Hee that sits above..distracted their designe. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. 65 How is his tongue distracted between the Spirit of God and the spirit of gold. 1752Johnson Rambler No. 196 ⁋4 He stands distracted by different forms of delight. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 542 The dissensions by which the little band of outlaws was distracted. 1855Ibid. IV. 555 He was distracted between the fear of losing his ears and the fear of injuring his patron. 1874Green Short Hist. vii. §8. 432 One of the endless civil wars which distracted the island.
5. To throw into a state of mind in which one knows not how to act; to perplex or bewilder greatly. (Often coloured by sense 6, which is, however, no longer used literally.)
1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 53 Thus then I distracted, with al hastning, ran to mye weapons. 1605Shakes. Macb. ii. iii. 109 They star'd, and were distracted. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 18 Horror and doubt distract His troubl'd thoughts. 1771E. Griffith tr. Viaud's Shipwreck 198, I was so distracted with joy. 1856Dickens Lett. (1880) I. 434, I am at present distracted with doubts.
†6. To derange the mind or intellect of; to render insane, drive mad. Obs. in lit. sense: cf. 5.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, ii. i. 116 This is a poore mad soule..pouerty hath distracted her. 1653D. Osborne Lett. to Sir W. Temple xvii. (1888) 97 Sure, the poor woman is a little distracted, she could never be so ridiculous else. 1777Sheridan Trip Scarb. i. i, Stay—thou'lt distract me. 1791Cowper Iliad xxii. 66 Commis'rate also thy unhappy Sire Ere yet distracted.
†b. phr. to distract of one's wit, etc. Obs.
1602T. Fitzherbert Apol. 27 a, He dyed distracted of his sences. 1632Lithgow Trav. viii. 355 Seeing them all madde and distracted of their wits with sorrow. 1633Bp. Hall Hard Texts 88 The view and sense of those judgments..shall utterly distract thee of thy wits.
†c. intr. To become distracted, go mad. Obs. rare.
1768Ross Helenore 15 (Jam.) Like to distract, she..Cry'd Lindy, Lindy, waes me, are ye dead?
¶7. = detract: cf. distracter, distraction 7.
▪ III. † diˈstract, n. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. vb.]
A distraction.
1624Quarles Div. Poems. Job xv. iii, The man, whose soule is undistain'd with Ill, Stands onely free from the distracts of Care. 1632― Div. Fancies i. vi. (1660) 4 False hopes, true fears, vain joyes, and fierce distracts. |