| 释义 |
▪ I. distil, distill, v.|dɪˈstɪl|
Inflect. distilled, -illing. Forms: 4–5 distille, 5–6 destylle, dystyll, 6 distyll, 6–7 destil(l, 5– distill, 7– distil.
[ad. L. distillāre, more correctly dēstillāre to drip or trickle down, drop, distil, f. de- I. 1 + stillāre to drop: cf. F. distiller (14th c. in Littré) = Pr. distillar, Sp. destilar, It. distillare.]
1. intr. To trickle down or fall in minute drops, as rain, tears; to issue forth in drops or in a fine moisture; to exude.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) vii. 26 Þe liquour þat distilles oute of þe braunches. 1430Lydg. Chron. Troy i. vi, Her teares on her chekes twayne Full pyteously gan to destylle. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) p. lxxii, The sweat distilling with droppes aboundaunt. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 258 [He] hath caused holy oyle to distyll out of y⊇ bones of his sayntes. 1612Capt. Smith Map Virginia 7 Mountaines; from whence distill innumerable sweet and pleasant springs. 1659D. Pell Impr. Sea 272 Fetch water out of the Seas..to distill in silver showers upon the face of the whole Earth. 1704Pope Windsor For. 54 Soft showers distill'd, and suns grew warm in vain. 1742Fielding J. Andrews i. xi, A thousand tears distilled from the lovely eyes of Fanny. 1810Southey Kehama xi. v, The wine which from yon wounded palm..Fills yonder gourd, as slowly it distills. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. v. (1856) 36 Water distilled in drops over the rocks.
b. To pass or flow gently. Chiefly fig.
1609Bible (Douay) Dan. ix. 11 The malediction hathe distilled upon us..because we have sinned. 1611Bible Deut. xxxii. 2 My speach shall distill as the deaw. 1715–20Pope Iliad i. 332 Words, sweet as honey, from his lips distill'd. 1830Sir R. Grant Hymn, ‘O worship the King’ iv, Thy bountiful care..sweetly distils in the dew and the rain. a1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xxi. 281 The wisdom..will distil in honeyed sweetness.
†c. To melt into, or become dissolved in, tears.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iv. 491 (519) This Troylus in teris gan distille. c1400Test. Love i. Chaucer's Wks. (1561) 287 a/1 With that I gan in teares to distill.
d. To drip or be wet with.
1714Gay Trivia iii. 50 Till their arm'd Jaws distill with Foam and Gore. 1715–20Pope Iliad xvii. 72 See his jaws distil with smoking gore. 1816T. L. Peacock Headlong Hall xiii, Till his face..distils with perspiration.
2. trans. To let fall or give forth in minute drops, or in a vapour which condenses into drops.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 265 Boile hem in a double vessel, & distille it in his eere flaisch [= tepidus]. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. clviii. 147 Hir eyen dystylled dropes of blode. 1509Hawes Joyf. Med. ix. (Arb.) 72 The dewe of Joye..Dystylled is nowe from the rose so red. 1601Holland Pliny II. 272 If by way of embrochation it be distilled from aloft vpon the head in a more thin and liquid substance. 1667Milton P.L. v. 56 His dewie locks distill'd Ambrosia. 1692Ray Dissol. World 250 Trees do destil Water apace when Clouds or Mists hang about them. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. viii. 74 Fat Amber let the Tamarisk distill. 1758J. S. Le Dran's Observ. Surg. (1771) 231, I distilled a few Drops of Bals. Viride into it [the Wound]. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 53 The dew is distilled more abundantly upon the grass than upon the gravel.
3. transf. and fig. To give forth or impart in minute quantities; to infuse; † to instil.
1393Gower Conf. I. 3 A gentil herte his tonge stilleth, That it malice none distilleth Butt preyse. c1480Crt. of Love 23 Thy sugar droppes sweet of Helicon Distil in me, thou gentle Muse, I pray. 1577Fenton Gold. Epist. 123 They shoulde haue distilled into their youth, doctrine, and rules of direction. 1630Sanderson Serm. II. 253 Solomon..had this truth..early distilled into him by both his parents. 1665Walton Life Hooker in H.'s Wks. (1888) I. 36 There was distilled into the minds of the common people such..venomous and turbulent principles. 1841Myers Cath. Th. iii. xxvii. 102 Distilling healing virtue into bitter waters. a1881Rossetti Rose Mary iii. 13 She felt the slackening frost distil Through her blood the last ooze dull and chill.
4. To subject to the process of distillation; to vaporize a substance by means of heat, and then condense the vapour by exposing it to cold, so as to obtain the substance or one of its constituents in a state of concentration or purity. Primarily said of a liquid, the vapour of which when condensed is again deposited in minute drops of pure liquid; but extended also to the volatilizing of solids, the products of which may be gaseous. See distillation 3.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iv. vii. (1495) 90 Yf bloode be sodde and dystylled, therof we maye make talowe and grees. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. iii. vii. in Ashm. (1652) 140 The Water..Looke thou dystyll. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 192 The water of the herbe steeped in White Wine, and destilled therewithal. 1787Winter Syst. Husb. 339 To distill a sufficient quantity of water. 1812–6J. Smith Panorama Sc. & Art II. 80 Water..when distilled, is every-where of the same specific gravity. 1854Ronalds & Richardson Chem. Technol. (ed. 2) I. 157 Hill's process consists in distilling peat in the same way as wood. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 73 If it is required to distil a liquid, the liquid is evaporated in a boiler, and the vapour conducted to the condenser, where it becomes sufficiently cooled to be deposited in drops..Fresh water is thus being constantly distilled from the briny ocean.
b. To extract the essence of (a plant, etc.) by distillation; to obtain an extract of.
c1400Mandeville (1839) v. 51 Some destyllen Clowes. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. i. i. 76 Earthlier happie is the Rose distil'd Then that which withering on the virgin thorne, Growes, liues, and dies in single blessednesse. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Praise iv, An herb destill'd, and drunk. 1750Johnson Rambler No. 51 ⁋4 The ladies..begged me to excuse some large sieves of leaves and flowers..for they intended to distill them. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 433 Of the hellish herbs..that she hath distilled for us.
c. To transform or convert (into something) by distillation. Also fig.
a1636B. Jonson Sad Shepherd i. ii, Two souls Distilled into kisses through our lips, Do make one spirit of love. 1792J. Belknap New Hampsh. III. 205 Two or three vessels in a year would..bring home molasses to be distilled into rum. 1822Lamb Elia Ser. ii. Conf. Drunkard, Draughts of..wine which are to be distilled into airy breath to tickle vain auditors. 1847Emerson Poems, Day's Ration Wks. (Bohn) I. 482 All he distils into sidereal wine.
d. absol. To perform distillation.
1611Shakes. Cymb. i. v. 13 Hast thou not learn'd me how To make Perfumes? Distill? Preserue? 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 403 Separate the salt, and distil at a gentle heat. 1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 18 If we substitute 6 parts of alcohol for the 4 parts of water and distil, we obtain formic ether.
e. fig. To extract the quintessence of; to concentrate, purify.
1599Sandys Europæ Spec. (1632) 142 This man is very charie over that one remaining, and distilleth all other devises rather than set finger to that string. 1601Cornwallyes Ess. xii. (1632) Time hath distild our bloods. 1873H. Spencer Stud. Sociol. x. 267 Men who are distilled into the House of Commons, and then redistilled into the Ministry. 1889Spectator 14 Dec. 830 We want a removable Secretary for school works, not a committee, which is only the public meeting over again, a little distilled.
f. To drive (a volatile constituent) off or out by distillation. Also fig.
1641French Distill. iv. (1651) 105 Distill off the Water till no more will distill. 1800tr. Lagrange's Chem. II. 225 If nitric acid be distilled from off this matter, you will obtain oxalic acid. 1874L. Stephen Hours in Library (1892) II. v. 150 To make a Wycherley you must distil all the poetry out of a Fletcher. 1883T. P. Teale Econ. Coal 18 The coal..as the volatile parts are distilled out, becomes a mass of red coke.
5. To obtain, extract, produce, or make, by distillation.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) vii. 26 Þe licour þat es distilled of þam þai sell in steed of bawme. 1599H. Buttes Dyets drie Dinner B v, Strawberrie-water..rudely distilled, betwixt two platters, and not in a limbeck. 1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 150 They have Arack or Usquebagh, distilled from Dates or Rice. 1774Pennant Tour Scotl. in 1772, 165 A great quantity of whiskey is distilled. 1830M. Donovan Dom. Econ. I. 43 Sir James Ware supposes that ardent spirit was distilled in Ireland earlier than in England.
b. fig.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, iv. i. 5 Ther is some soule of goodnesse in things euill, Would men obseruingly distill it out. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxix. 2 What potions have I drunk of Siren tears, Distill'd from limbecks foul as hell within. 1606― Tr. & Cr. i. iii. 350 A man distill'd Out of our Vertues. 1793Chron. in Spirit Pub. Jrnls. (1799) I. 177 Books and papers were seized, that treason might be distilled out of them. 1830Tennyson Sonn. to J. M. K. 6 Old saws, Distill'd from some worm-canker'd homily. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) III. xxii. 34 The essence which the wisest of the Romans had distilled from the records of Greek philosophy.
6. intr. To become vaporized and then condensed into liquid; to undergo distillation; to drop, pass, or condense from the still. to distil over: to pass over in the form of vapour which again condenses into a liquid.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 195 Make a fier aboute þe pott þat is aboue þe erþe & þere wole distille oile into þe pott þat is bineþe. 1471Ripley Comp. Alch. iii. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 140 Than Oyle and Water wyth Water shall dystyll. 1641French Distill. i. (1651) 35 The oyle which first distils..must be kept a part. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 265 The acid..distills unaltered at 248° Fahrenheit. 1853W. Gregory Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) 104 At this strength the acid distils over unchanged. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 73 The liquid..distils over in a state of purity.
fig.1625Bacon Ess., Religion (Arb.) 425 The outward Peace of the Church, Distilleth into Peace of Conscience.
†7. trans. To melt, dissolve (lit. and fig.). Obs.
c1470Harding Chron. Editor's Pref., My lord, distilde by kynde nature Thrugh besy age..To such waykenesse he myght no more endure, Bot feel so in his grave. 1605Sylvester Dialog upon Troubles x, Melt thee, distill thee, turne to wax or snow. a1719Addison (J.), Swords by the lightning's subtle force distill'd And the cold sheath with running metal fill'd. [Cf. Shakes. Ham. i. ii. 204 Qq. destilled, Fol. bestil'd.] ▪ II. † diˈstil, diˈstill, n. Obs.
[f. prec.]
A vessel used in distillation; a still.
1822T. Bewick Mem. 74 Jars, retorts and distills. |