| 释义 |
distend, v.|dɪˈstɛnd|
[ad. L. distend-ĕre to stretch asunder or out, swell out, extend, f. dis- 1 + tendĕre to stretch. Cf. F. distendre (Paré, 16th c.) in sense 3.]
†1. trans. To stretch asunder, stretch out, extend; to spread out at full length or breadth. Obs.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 134 Mastik & þe white of an ey medlid togidere..distende it vpon a clooþ & leie it on þe place. 1597Daniel Civ. Wars iii. lxxx, As this sweet Prince distended lay. 1626T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 101 God comming from Heauen..to take humane flesh, to distend his imperiall robe vpon man. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 11 Those..which keeping precisely the same heighth, shall yet be distended, one 4th part longer. 1834West Ind. Sketch Bk. I. 43 Like..the alternate movement of the distended legs of a pair of compasses.
fig.1650Howell tr. Giraffi's Hist. Revolut. Naples 82 The Archbishop was very busie in distending the Capitulations of the peeple for an accord. 1665G. Havers P. della Valle's Trav. E. India 126 The King's discourse..was distended to divers things.
†b. To stretch or extend beyond measure; to strain; to draw out of joint, to rack. Obs. rare.
1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 341/2 When anye mans Arme, or Legge is distended or else writhede. [Rendered ‘out of ioynte’ in the ‘Exposition of wordes’ on the flyleaf]. 1700Dryden Fables, Cock & Fox 293 Stiff in denial, as the law appoints, On engines they distend their tortur'd joints.
†2. intr. To stretch out, extend; to spread out or abroad. Obs.
1581Styward Mart. Discipl. ii. 135 Seauen rankes of Pikes..which did distend in length from the voward to the rereward. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 330 Leaves long and small, distending into many branches.
3. trans. spec. To stretch out any hollow thing, so as to enlarge its surface and capacity; to swell out or enlarge by pressure from within, as a bladder or an orifice with elastic sides; to expand, dilate by stretching.
1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 246 Giving her Children too much meat, that distended their stomacks. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 130 The Warmth distends the Chinks. ― Past. ix. 41 May thy Cows their burden'd Bags distend. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 21 When persons are immediately killed by lightning, their lungs are found distended. 1846Ellis Elgin Marb. I. 164 The veins of their faces and legs seem distended.
transf. and fig.1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 1932 How such ideas of th' Almighty's pow'r..distend the thought Of feeble mortals! 1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 558 To distend it into three bulky tomes.
4. intr. To increase in bulk by internal stretching or swelling; to swell out, expand.
1667Milton P.L. i. 573 Now his heart Distends with pride. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 135 The bladder will distend. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 247, I could see his veins swell and his nostrils distend with indignation. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. iii. iv. §14. 711 When wood distends on imbibition or contracts on dessication.
Hence diˈstending vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. ii. xxiv, Two parted Walls..with wide distending space. Ibid. v. li, Stuffe..Fit for distending or compression. 1823Ellis Mem. J. Gordon 77 The distending force of the water. |