| 释义 |
dissociation|dɪsəʊʃɪˈeɪʃən, -sɪˈeɪʃən|
[ad. L. dissociātiōn-em, n. of action f. dissociāre to dissociate: cf. F. dissociation (16th c. in Littré).]
1. The action of dissociating or the condition of being dissociated; severance; division; disunion.
1611Cotgr., Dissociation, a dissociation;..separation of fellowship. 1613–18Daniel Coll. Hist. Eng. (1626) 4 The Brittaines vnderstanding the misery of their dissociation. 1622Bacon Hen. VII, 88 Associations and Leagues; which commonly..turne to Dissociations and Diuisions. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. 276 It will add infinitely to the dissociation, distraction, and confusion of these confederate republics. 1877E. Caird Philos. Kant i. 141 The association or dissociation of one feeling from another.
2. Chem. The direct separation of compound substances into their primary elements, or into less complex compounds; decomposition, spec. by the action of heat. Hence dissociation-point, the temperature at which such decomposition takes place; dissociation constant, the product of the concentrations of the dissociated ions in a solution divided by the concentration of the undissociated molecule when equilibrium has been reached.
Applied usually to the separation of a compound into its elements by the action of heat alone, without the intervention of any substance which breaks up the combination by its greater chemical affinity for one of the elements; but sometimes restricted to such a partial separation of the elements, that they reunite when the temperature is lowered below the dissociation-point. Others have used it in the wider etymological sense of direct separation of elements by any force, and applied thermolysis to dissociation by heat, as distinguished from electrolysis or decomposition by electricity.
[1857H. Ste. Claire Deville in Journal de l'Institut Nov. 23 (title), De la dissociation, ou décomposition spontanée des corps, sous l'influence de la chaleur.] 1869C. A. Joy in Scientific Opinion (article), On Dissociation. 1872–5Watts Dict. Chem. VII. 636 As ‘Dissociation’ might be applied equally well to the separation of a mass into its constituent particles..by any other means, Mohr proposes to replace it by the more specific term ‘Thermolysis’. 1874Grove Corr. Phys. Forces (ed. 6) 52 The term ‘dissociation’ has been applied..to other cases in which heat separates the constituents of a substance without any of them combining with another body. 1880Times 1 Dec. 10 Mr. Norman Lockyer continues his researches on dissociation, as indicated in solar outbursts. 1880Nature XXI. 445 The term dissociation-point is justified by analogy with the terms boiling-point and melting-point. 1891Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LX. i. 257 The author..communicates his determination of the dissociation constants of some 60 organic substances of acid character. 1955J. G. Davis Dict. Dairying (ed. 2) 418 The degree of dissociation is thus a measure of the strength of the acid or alkali, a very strong acid like hydrochloric or a very strong alkali like caustic soda being practically completely dissociated in dilute solution. The degree of dissociation is expressed in terms of the dissociation constant.
3. Psychol.
a. The process or result of breaking up associations of ideas.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. I. 506 What is associated now with one thing and now with another tends to become dissociated from either... One might call this the law of dissociation by varying concomitants. 1890J. M. Baldwin Handbk. Psychol. (ed. 2) 218 The part played by dissociation is evident. If there were no such breaking up of representations, imagination would be simply memory. 1925E. & C. Paul tr. Janet's Psychol. Healing I. xi. 676, I regard a memory, and especially a fixed idea,..as a system comprising a number of associated psychological phenomena... I have attempted to break up this system, to demolish it stone by stone; this is what I call the dissociation of a fixed idea. 1969S. H. Bartley Princ. Perception (ed. 2) v. xii. 326 Dissociation brought about by local anaesthesia begins with effects upon the smallest nerve fibers and ends with the largest.
b. The disintegration of personality or consciousness; the state in which a person suffers from dissociated personality.
1897E. Parish Halluc. & Illus. 71 If we..seek for some quality common to all the various states in which hallucinations occur, we shall find that their most striking characteristic is the dissociation of consciousness. 1906M. Prince Dissociation of Personality iii. 22 A dissociation of the mind, known as a state of hysteria or ‘traumatic neurosis’... Sometimes the mental dissociation produces a complete loss of memory. 1908Brain July 257 Cerebral dissociation..is at least one of the essential features of the hypnotic state. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 200/1 Other cases of dissociation (e.g. the ‘Watseka Wonder’). 1935Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Oct. 176 Many of the shamanistic phenomena which have been described,..can be explained by supposing varying degrees of dissociation. 1948W. McDougall Introd. Social Psychol. (ed. 29) 84 Abnormal states of the brain, of which the relative dissociation obtaining in hysteria, hypnosis, normal sleep, and fatigue, is the most important. 1963Langner & Michael Life Stress & Mental Health xv. 400 Such symptoms as fainting or amnesic periods (as well as alcoholism and drug addiction) are considered evidence of withdrawal by dissociation. |