| 释义 |
acrasia, n.2 Philos.|əˈkreɪzɪə, əˈkræsɪə|
Also 20 akrasia.
[a. Gr. ἀκρᾰσία f. ἀ- privative prefix + κρᾰτός power, strength.
In certain (esp. med.) sources there is app. some confusion (both etymological and semantic) with *acrasia n.1: see quot. 1853.]
The state of mind in which one acts against one's better judgement; weakness of will, ‘incontinence’. (Used esp. with reference to Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics vii.)
[1836J. S. Brewer tr. Aristotle Nicomachean Ethics 259 ἀκρασία and ἐγκράτεια are not perfect Habits, and consequently the former cannot be properly considered in the light of perfect Vice, nor the latter in that of perfect Virtue.] 1853R. G. Mayne Expos. Lex. 14/2 Acrāsia, incontinence, or intemperance in food, drink, or any other thing; excess; also applied to weakness, or inability to move; or to want of tone, and so like Acrateia. 1889in Cent. Dict. 1952R. M. Hare Lang. Morals 169, I shall not here inquire farther into the fascinating problem which has been called, ever since Aristotle's masterly exploration of it, the problem of Akrasia or ‘weakness of will’. 1969G. Vlastos in Phoenix XXIII. 75 Most cases of acrasia occur when the agent is only half convinced ot the goodness of an action. 1978J. McDowell in Hookway & Pettit Action & Interpretation 149 There is a full cognitive equivalent to akrasia and it is at the heart of the experience of thinking. 1980Pacific Philos. Q. LXI. 245 Since the time of Plato, philosophic theories of practical reasoning have been such as to render the phenomenon of acrasia, or weakness of will, problematic, if not impossible. 1983Proc. Amer. Cath. Philos. Assoc. LVII. 50 Aristotle's analysis of acrasia also points to the manner in which a state could become continent. 1984Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Sept. 1056/2 It fails to convey the ghastliness of his continual backsliding, the miserable drama of his perpetual akrasia. 1986A. E. Mele in Philos. & Phenomenol. Res. XLVI. 673 In eating the pie, Fred seems to exhibit weakness of will or what Plato and Aristotle called akrasia. |