| 释义 |
‖ Sudra Anglo-Indian.|ˈsuːdrə|
Forms: 7 pl. Shudderies, -yes, 7, 9 Soudra, 8 Tschud(d)irer, Sudder, 8–9 Soodera, Sooder, 9 S(h)uder, Shudra, Soodra, Çudra, 8– Sudra.
[a. Skr. śūdra (Hindi shūdr, Urdu sūdr), of doubtful etym. Cf. F. Soudra, Pg. Chudrer.]
A member of the lowest of the four great Hindu castes.
1630Lord Banians xii, The third Tribe or Cast, called the Shudderies. 1678J. Phillips tr. Tavernier's Trav. ii. iii. iii. 162 The fourth Caste is that of the Charados or Soudras. 1717J. T. Phillips People of Malabar 20 As for the Tschudirers, they have Licence only to read the six Systems. 1794Sir W. Jones Instit. Hindu Law Wks. 1799 III. 357 For a Súdra is ordained a wife of his own class. 1796E. Hamilton Lett. Hindoo Rajah (1811) I. 115 Any base born sooder. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 544 The fourth tribe is that of Sudder. 1800Asiat. Ann. Reg. 55/2 A Vaisya, unable to subsist by his own duties, may descend to the servile acts of a Súdra. 1858Beveridge Hist. India II. iv. i. 13 The modern Sudra is no longer a slave. 1910Encycl. Brit. XIII. 503/1 Whilst the Arya was thus a dvi-ja, or twice-born, the Sudra remained unregenerate during his lifetime.
attrib.1794Sir W. Jones Instit. Hindu Law Wks. 1799 III. 333 A Bráhmen may seize without hesitation..the goods of his Súdra slave. 1828Asiatic Costumes 60 Hindoos of the soodra caste. 1829Encycl. Metrop. (1845) XX. 677/2 Nanda, the son of a Súdra mother. 1876Encycl. Brit. V. 190/2 After Buddha, Sudra dynasties ruled in many parts of India. |