| 释义 |
▪ I. dispart, n.|dɪˈspɑːt|
[Derivation uncertain.
There appears to be no related name in any other language. An obvious suggestion is that the appellation was derived from dispart v.1, ‘from the mode of ascertaining the dispart, by disparting (dividing in two) the difference between the two diameters’. But it is to be observed that the term with its own verb (dispart v.2) appears earlier than any known occurrence of dispart v.1, and that the particular sense ‘divide into parts’ is not known to us before 1629.]
1. The difference between the semi-diameter of a gun at the base ring and at the swell of the muzzle, which must be allowed for in taking aim.
1588Lucar Appendix to Tartaglia's Colloq. 4 Every Gunner before he shootes must trulie disparte his Peece, or give allowance for the disparte. 1644Nye Gunnery i. (1647) 42 How to make the true Dispart of any Piece of Ordnance..subtract the greater Diameter out of the lesser, and take the just half of the difference, and that is the true Dispart, in inches and parts of an inch. Ibid. (1670) 45 So much higher as the mark is (which you made at the Base-Ring) then the Mussel-Ring, so much is the true Dispart. 1659Torriano, Tirare fuora del vivo, to shoot at random, or without and beyond the dispart (as our Gunners term it). 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 50 The Angle of dispart is the number of degrees the axis of the bore would point above the object aimed at, when laid by the surface of the gun. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Dispart, or Throw of the Shot..An allowance for the dispart is..necessary in determining the commencement of the graduations on the tangent scale, by which the required elevation is given to the gun.
2. concr. A sight-mark placed on the muzzle of a gun, to make the line of sight parallel to the axis of the bore.
1578W. Bourne Invent. or Deuises xxxi. 24 You must giue your leuell iustly vppon the thicker side of the peece, that is to say, the mettall of the breech of the peece, and the dispart, and the marke, to bee all three vppon one right line by the sight of your eye. 1611Florio, Tirare di punteria..The disparte is when a piece of wax or sticke is set vpon the mouth of the piece in an euen line with the cornish of the breech. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 78 Cause the Piece to be mounted higher or lower, untill you bring the Bead, the top of the Dispert, and the Mark all in one Line. 1692Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ii. vi. 95 Dispart..is a piece of a small stick or Wyre, set perpendicularly upon the Muzzle-Ring of any Gun, of such length that the top of it may be equal (in height) to the upper part of the Base Ring. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Take the two diameters of the base-ring, and of the place where the Dispart is to stand, and divide the difference..into two equal parts, one of which will be the length of the Dispart, which is set on the gun with wax or pitch, or fastened there with a piece of twine or marlin. 1836Marryat Midsh. Easy xviii, Gunnery, sir, is a science—we have our own disparts and our lines of sight—our windage, and our parabolas, and projectile forces. 1861W. H. Russell in Times 10 July 5/4 There are no disparts, tangents, or elevating screws to the guns; the officer was obliged to lay it by the eye with a plain chock of wood.
3. attrib. dispart patch, a notched piece of metal on the muzzle in place of the dispart in sense 2; dispart-sight (see quots.).
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Dispart-sight, a gun-sight fixed on the top of the second reinforce-ring—about the middle of the piece—for point-blank or horizontal firing, to eliminate the difference of the diameters between the breech and the mouth of the cannon. 1884F. C. Morgan Artill. Mat. 21 The muzzle sight is recessed into the dispart patch on the muzzle, and is used in conjunction with the hind sight for angles of elevation over 5°, when the centre fore sight becomes fouled by the muzzle. Ibid. 28 A fore or dispart sight screwed on in rear of the trunnions.
▪ II. dispart, v.1|dɪˈspɑːt|
[In Spenser, app. ad. It. dispartire to divide, separate, part, repr. L. dispartīre, -pertīre to distribute, divide, f. dis- 1 + partīre to part, share, divide. By others perh. referred directly to the L. vb., or viewed as an Eng. formation from dis- 1 and part v. It appears to have taken the place of the corresponding senses of depart (1–5).]
1. trans. To part asunder, to cleave.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 53 That..man of God, That blood-red billowes, like a walled front, On either side disparted with his rod. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. (1632) 556 A sudden gust dis-parting the Fleet. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. vi. (1851) 128 As often as any great schisme disparts the Church. 1725Pope Odyss. xiv. 482 Expert the destin'd victim to dis-part. 1738Wesley Psalms cxiv. ii, The Sea..fled, Disparted by the wondrous Rod. 1780Hist. Eur. in Ann. Reg. 16/2 A state, already weakened..and now disparted by defection. 1814Cary Dante's Inf. vi. 17 He..flays them, and their limbs Piecemeal disparts. 1850Mrs. Browning Crowned & Buried xiv, Disparting the lithe boughs.
2. To separate, sever; to dissolve (a union).
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. iv. xi, Which like a balk..Disparts the terms of anger, and of loving. 1708J. Philips Cyder ii. 54 A strainer to dispart The husky, terrene Dregs from purer Must. 1814Southey Roderick xviii. 260 Till death dispart the union. 1851Trench Poems 150 To dispart All holiest ties. 1868Browning Ring & Bk. x. 1242 I find the truth, dispart the shine from shade.
3. To divide into parts or shares; to distribute.
1629Maxwell tr. Herodian (1635) 223 The Imperiall Palace..being disparted betwixt them, there would be roome enough for each. 1649Roberts Clavis Bibl. 3 The Old Testament..is disparted by the Holy Ghost himself into two general heads. 1718Prior Solomon i. 288 And equal Share Of Day and Night, disparted thro' the Year. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 83 And evenly to light and shades doth now Dispart the globe.
4. intr. To part asunder, fly apart, and open up.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. xii. lvii, The broken heav'ns dispart with fearful noise. 1727–46Thomson Summer 709 The flood disparts: behold!.. Behemoth rears his head. 1811Shelley St. Irvyne x, Suddenly..the mist in one place seemed to dispart, and through it, to roll clouds of deepest crimson. 1863Kinglake Crimea II. 150 Between the fleets thus disparting, the..flotilla of transports passed.
b. To part and proceed in different directions.
1804J. Grahame Sabbath 149 The upland moors, where rivers, there but brooks, Dispart to different seas.
†5. dispart with: to part with. rare. (pseudo-archaism.)
1820Scott Abbot iv, He will enjoy five merks by the year, and the professor's cast-off suit, which he disparts with biennially.
Hence diˈsparting vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1611Florio, Dispartimento, a disparting. 1649Roberts Clavis Bibl. 93 The disparting or cutting off of Jordans Stream before the Ark. 1728–46Thomson Spring 309 The deep-cleft disparting orb, that arch'd The central waters round. 1865Geikie Scen. & Geol. Scot. ii. 37 Water..expands, and..exerts a vast disparting force on the rocks in which it is confined. 1890W. C. Russell My Shipmate Louise I. xii. 261 The rush and disparting of the maddened clouds.
▪ III. diˈspart, v.2
Also 7 dispert and erron. disport.
[f. dispart n.]
1. trans. To measure or estimate the dispart in (a piece of ordnance); to make allowance for this in taking aim.
1587W. Bourne Art Shooting iv. 17 The disparting of your peece is but to bryng the mouth of your peece before, to be as high as is the tayle behind. 1588[see dispart n. 1]. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiv. 65 To dispert a Peece is to finde a difference betwixt the thicknesse of the metall at her mouth and britch or carnouse. 1644Nye Gunnery (1670) 40 And one chief thing, in the last place, to know very well how to dispart his Peece, be it either true bored, or not true bored.
2. To set a mark on the muzzle-ring, so as to obtain a sight-line parallel to the axis.
1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 79 To Shoot at a Sight seen in the Night, Dispert your Piece with a lighted and flaming Wax-Candle, or with a lighted piece of Match. 1731J. Gray Gunnery 68 You need only dispart your piece by fixing notched sticks..on its muzzle. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Dispart, in gunnery, is used for the setting a mark on the muzzle-ring of a piece of ordnance, so that a sight-line taken upon the top of the base-ring..by the mark..may be parallel to the axis of the concave cylinder. 1853Stocqueler Milit. Encycl.
Hence diˈsparting vbl. n.
1587[see above, sense 1]. 1611Florio, Tirare gioia per gioia, to shoote leuell..without helpe of disparting. 1692Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ii. x. 105 These ways..prescribed for Disparting of a Piece. |