| 释义 |
dislocation|dɪsləʊˈkeɪʃən|
[a. OF. dislocation (14th c. in Littré), or ad. med.L. dislocātiōn-em, n. of action f. dislocāre to dislocate.]
The action of dislocating, or condition of being dislocated.
1. a. Displacement; removal from its proper (or former) place or location.
1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Dislocation, setting out of right place. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 216 Which preventeth such dislocation of the Moneths. 1646Unhappy Game at Scotch & Eng. 14 The dislocation of the Kings person by his personall will all this while from the two Houses of Parliament. 1846Grote Greece i. xiv. (1862) II. 388 Those violent dislocations of inhabitants. 1886Willis & Clark Cambr. III. 463 There has been much dislocation of the glass [in the windows of Jesus College Library].
b. spec. Displacement of a bone from its natural position in the joint; luxation. (Formerly, more widely, displacement of any bodily part or organ.)
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 303 It is sett vpon þe region of þe wombe for fallinge of þe maris, þat is clepid dislocacioun of þe maris. Ibid. 322 Dislocacioun of þe rigboonys is a greuous sijknes. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Demaunde. Yf all the members may regenerate after theyr perdicion, & knytte agayne after theyr dislocacion? 1659Vulg. Errors Censured 35 His Shoulder-bone suffering a dislocation. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4362/4 Lost..a..Greyhound Bitch..a Dislocation in her Neck, which causes a Bone to stand up. 1842Abdy Water Cure i. (1843) 1 A slight pain, which I could no otherwise describe than as the sensation of a slight dislocation.
c. Geol. A displacement in a stratum or series of strata caused by a fracture, with upheaval or subsidence of one or both parts; a fault.
1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth ii. (1723) 91 This Disruption, and Dislocation of the Strata. 1849Murchison Siluria iii. 53 The black schists..are there insulated by a powerful dislocation. 1880Carpenter in 19th Cent. No. 38. 598 Earthquake phenomena involving extensive dislocations of the crust.
d. Mil. The distribution of the several corps composing an army to a number of garrisons, camps, etc.
1808Wellington in Gurw. Desp. IV. 33 His Majesty has..been pleased to command that the following should be the outline of the dislocation of the troops. 1842Alison Hist. Europe (1849–50) XII. lxxxii. 258 A very considerable dislocation of the forces which had combated at Leipsic immediately took place. 1883Manch. Exam. 19 Dec. 4/6 The dislocation of Russian troops on the Austrian frontier had begun to assume..significant proportions.
e. Cryst. A displacement of the lattice structure of a crystal.
1934G. I. Taylor in Proc. R. Soc. A. July 368 The block after the unit slip, or ‘dislocation’ as we may call it, has passed through from left to right. Ibid., The passage of a positive dislocation across a crystal from left to right produces the same effect as the passage of a negative one from right to left. 1955Sci. Amer. July 81/1 We think of a dislocation as a line running through a crystal (although it is really a region of small but finite cross section). Around such a line is a region of energy higher than in the rest of the crystal. 1958Van Nostrand's Sci. Encycl. (ed. 3) 526/2 Dislocations are important in determining the mechanical and electrical properties of solids, and play an important part in solid state physics. 1969New Scientist 15 May (Feature Section) 6/2 The crystal merely provides a kind of ‘space’ in which various well-defined families of defect ‘particles’ exist. The most notable of these elementary defects are vacancies..; interstitials..; and dislocations.
2. fig. Displacement of parts or elements; disarrangement (of something immaterial); a confused or disordered state.
1659O. Walker Oratory 51 Causing a harsh superfluity, or else forcing a dislocation of the words. 1778R. Lowth Transl. Isaiah Notes (ed. 12) 203 This whole passage..healed of the dislocation which it suffers by the absurd division of the chapters. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 290 The utter dislocation of society. 1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) IV. xxxiii. 91 A dislocation of all social principles.
3. attrib., as dislocation forceps.
1885in Syd. Soc. Lex.
Hence disloˈcationally adv., by way of dislocation or displacement.
1827Bentham Const. Code ii. viii. §5 The omission is..an anti-constitutional offence..and, punitionally..as well as dislocationally, every offender is responsible. |