| 释义 |
subjectivity|sʌbdʒɪkˈtɪvɪtɪ|
[f. subjective + -ity. So mod.L. subjectivitas, G. subjectivität, F. subjectivité.]
1. a. Consciousness of one's perceived states.
1821Coleridge in Blackw. Mag. X. 249 In the object, we infer our own existence and subjectivity. 1874Sayce Compar. Philol. vii. 287 The idea of life, and therefore of subjectivity, is put out of sight. 1885J. Martineau Types Eth. Th. I. i. xi. §8. 211 They forbid us to appropriate to our own subjectivity the intelligent acts of which we are conscious.
b. A conscious being.
1830Coleridge in Lit. Rem. (1838) III. 1 The Identity. The absolute subjectivity, whose only attribute is the Good. 1840W. H. Mill Applic. Panth. Princ. i. 103 Individuals stand as ‘the subjectivities that realize the substantial’ of the Idea.
2. a. The quality or condition of viewing things exclusively through the medium of one's own mind or individuality; the condition of being dominated by or absorbed in one's personal feelings, thoughts, concerns, etc.; hence, individuality, personality.
[1812Southey Omniana I. 220 The nature of Bulls, which will be found always to contain in them a confusion of (what the Schoolmen would have called) Objectivety and Subjectivety, in plain English, the impression of a thing as it exists in itself and extrinsically, with the idea which the mind abstracts from the impression.] 1827Hare Guesses (1859) 97 Often..the plural we is..a help to those who cannot get quit of their subjectivity, or write about objects objectively. 1844W. G. Ward Ideal Chr. Ch. (ed. 2) 79 The vast increase of what is called subjectivity; the very much greater portion of man's life and interest which is occupied in observation of his own thoughts, feelings, and actions. 1871R. H. Hutton Ess. I. 248 ‘Subjectivity’, as it is called, clouds the eyes; we want to know how far our own individual deficiencies, and sins, and impulses, colour our vision. 1880Scribner's Mag. XX. 117 [Poe's] studies of character were not made from observation, but from acquaintance with himself; and this subjectivity, or egoism, crippled his invention. 1886Pater Ess. fr. Guardian i. 11 This pioneer of an everybody's literature had his subjectivities.
b. That quality of literary or graphic art which depends on the expression of the personality or individuality of the artist; the individuality of an artist as expressed in his work.
1830Coleridge Table T. 12 May, A subjectivity of the poet, as of Milton, who is himself before himself in everything he writes. 1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 953/2 Characteristics of Hebrew..poetry: 1. Subjectivity. The Hebrew poet deals only with what concerns him personally. 1889E. Arnold Seas & Lands iv. (1895) 49 ‘Fidelis’ (Agnes Maude Machar), who is frequently called the first of Dominion poetesses, excels in a graceful subjectivity.
3. = subjectivism 1.
1839Hallam Lit. Eur. iv. iii. §55 His [Malebranche's] philosophy..is subjectivity leading objectivity in chains. 1876Fairbairn in Contemp. Rev. June 133 Feuerbach..developed the Hegelian subjectivity into the negation of objective reality.
4. The quality or condition of resting upon subjective facts or mental representation; the character of existing in the mind only.
1854A. G. Henderson tr. V. Cousin's Philos. Kant viii. 177 The subjectivity of human reason; this it is that troubles Kant. 1877E. Caird Philos. Kant ii. iv. 262 The mere subjectivity of sensation. 1884F. Temple Relat. Relig. & Sci. v. (1885) 132 The pure subjectivity of Religion..is no more proved by this argument than the pure subjectivity of Science. 1888Mind Oct. 596 Belief in the subjectivity of time, space and other forms of thought inevitably involves Agnosticism; belief in their objectivity in no way implies the rejection of Idealism. |