| 释义 |
sturgeon|ˈstɜːdʒən|
Forms: α. 3 sturgiun, 3–4 sturgun, 4 sturgin, sturgon(n, storgon, sturgeown, 5 storgeoun, sturgyn, storgyn, 5–6 sturgyon, 5–7 sturgion, (6 -ione), 6 strogyon, struggen, 6–7 sturgian, 7 sturgen, 4– sturgeon; β. 4 sturioun, sturion, 4–5 storion, 5 storjon, storyon, storioun, sturyon, sturione, -iowne.
[a. AF. sturgeon, esturgeoun etc., OF. sturg(i)un, esturgeon (mod.F. esturgeon, † éturgeon), a Com. Rom. word = Pr. esturjon, estorjon, Sp. esturion, Pg. esturião, esturjão, It. storione:—popular L. sturiōn-em (nom. sturio), a. OTeut. *sturjon-, whence OHG. sturjo, sturo (MHG. stüre, störe, mod.G. stör), MDu., MLG. störe (mod.Du. steur), OE. styrᵹa, ON., mod.Norw. styrja (Sw. stör, Da. stør, are from LG.). Cf. sture1.
The origin of OTeut. *sturjon- is obscure. If not a loan-word, it may be f. the root of stir v.]
1. A large fish of the family Acipenseridæ, having an elongated, almost cylindrical, body protected by longitudinal rows of bony scutes and a long tapering snout, found widely distributed in the rivers and coastal waters of the north temperate zone; esp. a fish belonging to either of the genera Acipenser and Scaphirhynchops, A. sturio being the common sturgeon of the Atlantic. It is a ‘royal’ fish (see fish n.1 2), esteemed as an article of food, and the source of caviar and isinglass.
αa1300Havelok 753 He tok þe sturgiun, and þe qual, And þe turbut. Ibid. 1727 Lax, lampreys, and god sturgun. 134.Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 37 Et 7 pec. de sturgeon. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 627 in Babees Bk., Then kut ye þe whelk asondur,..and ley þe pecis þerof vppon youre sturgeoun. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 765/20 Hic rumbus, a sturgyn. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 69 b, Greatte fyshes of the see, as thurlepole, porpyse and sturgeon. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. v. 143 Feast-famous Sturgeons. 1594Extracts Munic. Acc. Newcastle (1848) 35 A cagge of struggen, 12s. 1618J. Smyth Berkeleys (1883) II. 435 All whale fishes, Sturgeons, and all other great and royall ffishes, in whatsoever free fishings within the river of Seavern. 1620Venner Via Recta iv. 78 Sturgion is a very acceptable dish. 1677Wood Life (O.H.S.) II. 378 A sturgeon of 8 foot long was taken up at Clifton ferry. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 5 Sept., I ate sturgeon, and it lies on my stomach. 1769Pennant Zool. III. 97 The sturgeon annually ascends our rivers. 1834Griffith tr. Cuvier X. 627 The sturgeon is much esteemed for food, and is said to eat like veal. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes II. 360 Acipenser Sturio, Common Sturgeon. 1862Couch Brit. Fishes I. 150 The head of the Sturgeons is lengthened into a snout, which is slightly turned up. 1881Cassell's Nat. Hist. V. 45 The Sturgeons form a small and natural group of fishes, distinguished by having a cartilaginous skeleton.
β13..Guy Warw. 3895 Þilke lord þat..in þe se made þe sturioun. 1390Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 42 Jacobo Cremer pro ij barellis de sturion.., viij marc. viij scot. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 642/7 Hic rumbus, storjon. c1430Two Cookery-bks. i. 13 Storion in brothe.—Take fayre Freysshe Storgeoun, an choppe it in fayre water.
b. With qualifying word indicating a particular species, as black, lake, Ohio, red, rock, stone sturgeon, Acipenser rubicundus, the sturgeon of the great lakes of N. America; great white, isinglass, Russian sturgeon, A. huso, the beluga or huso; small or Ruthenian sturgeon = sterlet.
1804Shaw Gen. Zool. V. 375 Isinglass Sturgeon. Acipenser Huso. A larger fish than the common Sturgeon... Native of the Northern, Caspian, and Mediterranean seas.
2. Applied to other fishes.
1683Poyntz Pres. Prosp. Tobago 20 The Indian Sturgeon (so called by the English) frequents the Bays.
†3. ? A kind of cloth (? of the colour of a sturgeon). Obs.
1405Will of Culmer (Somerset Ho.), Meam optimam togam videlicet de viride et de sturgeon parti[to] cum capicio partito de sturgeon & scarlet. 1420N.C. Wills (Surtees) 29 Jupam meam nigram bene foderatam cum grey, et capicium de sturgon.
†4. (See quot. 1708.) Obs.
1708Brit. Apollo I. No. 54. 3/2 There a Custom it was, A Sturgion to call, That same Animal, Which here for a Cods-head does pass. Note. A Sturgion is a Term they give one at Dublin, whom they think a fit Subject for Banter.
5. attrib. and Comb., as sturgeon oil, sturgeon spawn, sturgeon tribe; sturgeon-boiler, one who extracts sturgeon-oil; sturgeon glue, isinglass glue; sturgeon-head (see quot.); † sturgeon lips jocular, ? lips protruded like those of a sturgeon; sturgeon-pickle, a pickle for preserving sturgeon for food; † sturgeon voyage, ? a fishing-voyage for sturgeon.
1673Mass. Stat. (1887) 210 The *sturgeon boyler or importer shall pay for the viewing and heading after 3s. 4d. p. score for all kegs and firkins.
1907C. Hill-Tout Brit. N. Amer., Far West vii. 128 The gum of the black pine was..employed..where the *sturgeon glue was not procurable.
1892W. Pike Barren Ground N. Canada 6 These inland boats..are..classified according to shape as York boats, *sturgeon-heads, and scows.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuff 45 On his [Leander's] blew iellied *sturgeon lips, she was about to clappe one of those warme plaisters.
1881Spons' Encycl. Industr. Arts iv. 1376 *Sturgeon-oil is prepared in Russia from the fat surrounding the intestines of the sturgeon.
1669Sir K. Digby's Closet opened 254 Put it into pickle, like *Sturgeon-pickle.
1888Goode Amer. Fishes 37 *Sturgeon spawn or live minnows are used as bait.
1842Penny Cycl. XXIII. 168/1 The Sturionidæ, or *Sturgeon tribe, have moreover but one opening to the gills.
1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl ii. ii. E 1 b, You make as much hast as if you were a going vpon a *sturgion voyage. |