| 释义 |
▪ I. stum, n.|stʌm|
Also 8 stumm, stume.
[a. Du. stom, subst. use of stom dumb. Cf. F. vin muet in the same sense; also G. stummer wein, wine that tastes flat.]
1. Unfermented or partly fermented grape-juice, must; esp. must in which the fermentation has been prevented or arrested by fumigation with sulphur.
1662Charleton Myst. Vintners (1675) 149 This Flower thus separated, is what they name Stum. 1665Oxf. Gaz. No. 16/1 Another Vessel was..laden with Wine and Stum. 1705Addison Italy, Antiq. near Naples 234 An unctuous clammy Vapour that arises from the Stum of Grapes. 1769Mrs. Raffald Engl. Housekpr. (1778) 329 To make Stum. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xv. (ed. 2) 286 As necessary..as the fermentation of the stum in the vat is to the perfection of the liquor. 1845T. Smeed Wine Merchant's Man. 59 Dissolve half a pound of white candy in a pint of Rhenish stum. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade.
pl.1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4681/4 There are about 50 Hdds..of..French Wines, some Stumes &c. 1731–3P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. (1755) 191 This is the common Method of matching Casks for Wines, but particularly for Stums.
transf.1766Complete Farmer s.v. Mead 5 M 2/1 The usual practice of making it so strong as to bear an egg, is very wrong. The liquor is thereby rendered a mere stum.
b. Must as used for renewing vapid wines. Also occas. applied to apple-juice similarly used.
1692B. Jonson's Leges Conviv. v, Let our Wines without mixture, or Stum be all fine. 1693Rymer Short View Trag. 78 Chaucer threw in Latin, French, Provencial, and other Languages, like new Stum to raise a Fermentation. 1731–3P. Shaw Chem. Lect. x. (1755) 192 After the same manner a Stum is prepared in England from the Juice of Apples.
fig.1679Shadwell True Widow iii. 32 'Tis the stum of Love that makes it fret and fume, and fly, and never good. 1682Dryden Medal 270 Thy bellowing Renegado Priests, That..with thy Stumm ferment their fainting Cause. 1707Refl. upon Ridicule 168 Get rid of this stum in your Blood.
2. Vapid wine renewed by the mixture of stum.
1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 569 I'll carve your name on Barks of Trees,..Drink every Letter on't, in Stum; And make it brisk Champaign become. 1746Fielding True Patriot No. 24 ⁋7 We drank nine bottles a-piece of stum.
3. attrib. and Comb.
1675Merrett in Charleton's Myst. Vintners (ed. 2) 219 Herring Roes preserve any Stum Wines. 1719D'Urfey Pills V. 84 Who hate the stum Poison of Spain and France. 1753Chambers' Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Must, The Rhenish Must..made without boiling is only put up so close in the vessel, that it cannot work; this is called stumm-wine. 1769Mrs. Raffald Engl. Housekpr. (1778) 329 Then put a quart of stum-forcing to it, which will..make it fine and bright.
▪ II. stum, v.|stʌm|
Inflected stummed, stumming. Also 7 stumb, 8 stoom.
[ad. Du. stommen, f. stom stum n.]
1. trans. To renew (wine) by mixing with stum or must and raising a new fermentation.
1656R. Flecknoe Diarium 26 Such trash in belly e're to put, As mungrel balderdash Mine Heer, Dutchman has stummed for us there. 1689Muses Farew. Popery 88 Had a drunken Tom Tinker the Penance receiv'd, Or a Vintner for stumming his Wine, who'd have griev'd? 1775Ash, Stoom, (v.t. with wine coopers), to impregnate wines by putting bags of herbs or other ingredients into them. Ibid., Stum (v.t.), to renew wines by raising a fresh fermentation.
b. fig.
1661C. W. in A. Brome's Poems To Author A 8, There strength of fancy, to it sweetness joynes, Vnmixt with water, nor stum'd with strong lines. 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode iii. ii. 44 Nature has her cheats, stum's A brain, and puts sophisticate dulness often on the tastless Multitude for true wit and good humour. 1678Oldham Let. fr. Country 204 As the poor Drunkard, when Wine stums his brains, Anointed with that Liquor, thinks he reigns. 1795Burke Let. to W. Elliot 26 May, When that sad draught..was dashed and brewed, and ineffectually stummed again into a senatorial exordium in the house of lords.
¶ to stum up: ? to set going, work up. rare—1.
The use may be due to some misapprehension.
1817Keats Let. to Haydon 28 Sept., At Bailey's suggestion..we have stummed up a kind of contrivance whereby he will be enabled to do himself the benefits you will lay in his Path.
2. To fumigate (a cask) with burning sulphur, in order to prevent the contained liquor from fermenting; to stop the fermentation of (new wine) by fumigation.
1787J. Croft Wines Portugal etc. 25 Most of the Spanish Wines are stoomed or matcht, as they term it, with brimstone, which also stops the fermentation. 1789W. H. Marshall Glouc. II. 358 This expedient is termed ‘stumming the [cider] casks’. 1860Worcester; and in later Dicts.
Hence stummed ppl. a., ˈstumming vbl. n.
c1645Howell Lett. (1655) II. lv. 70 This is called stooming of wines. 1664Sir P. Neile in Evelyn's Pomona 40 [Cider] cannot be unwholsome, upon the same measure that stummed Wine is so. 1666G. Harvey Morbus Angl. xxviii. (1672) 77 A kind of crude dull stumb'd Burdeaux. a1694in C. Mackay Songs Lond. Prentices (Percy Soc.) 122 All loyal lads of true English race; That scorn the stum'd notion of Spain and France. a1721Prior On Passage in Scaligeriana 2 When you with High-Dutch Heeren dine, Expect false Latin, and stumm'd Wine. 1837Richardson, Stummed casks are casks fumigated (with brimstone, to prevent the liquor from fermenting). |