| 释义 |
▪ I. dill, n.1|dɪl|
[OE. dili, dile, (dil) dyle masc. = OLG. dilli, MDu. and Du. dille f., OHG. tilli, MHG. tille m. and f., Ger. dill m., dille f., Dan. dild, Sw. dill. Ulterior derivation unknown.]
1. An umbelliferous annual plant, Anethum graveolens, with yellow flowers, a native of the South of Europe, Egypt, India, South Africa, etc., cultivated in herb gardens in England and other countries, for its carminative fruits or ‘seeds’. Also called anet.
a700Epinal Gloss. 21 Anetum dil. [So a 800 Erf. Gloss.] a800Corpus Gloss. 159 Anetum dili. c1000Ags. Gosp. Matt. xxiii. 23 Wa eow, boceras..ᵹe þe teoðiað mintan and dile and cymyn. c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 20 Wiþ heafod ece ᵹenim diles blostman. a1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 10 Anetum, dile vel dille. c1420Pallad. on Husb. iv. 167 Nowe sette in places colde, senvey and dyle. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. xc. 270 They sowe Dill in al gardens, amongst wortes, and Pot herbes. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 49 Had gathered rew, and savine, and the flowre Of camphora, and calamint, and dill. 1612Drayton Poly-olb. xiii. 218 The wonder-working Dill..Which curious women use in many a nice disease. 1627Drayton Agincourt, etc., Nymphidia 127 Therewith her Veruayne and her Dill, That hindreth Witches of their will. 1778R. Lowth Transl. Isaiah xxviii. 25 Doth not he then scatter the dill, and cast abroad the cummin? 1794Martyn Rousseau's Bot. v. 57 Some, as fennel, dill..have yellow flowers. 1855Singleton Virgil I. 11 The bloom of scented dill.
2. Applied locally to other umbelliferous plants; also to some species of vetch; see quots.
c1680Enquiries 2/2 Do you sow hereabout the GoreVetch..Dills or Lentils? 1789W. Marshall Glouc. Gloss., Dill, ervum hirsutum, two-seeded tare; which has been cultivated (on the Cotswold Hills) time immemorial, principally for hay. 1847–78Halliwell, Dill, hedge parsley. Var. dial. 1881Leicester Gloss., Dill, tare; vetch (Vicia sativa). 1884Cheshire Gloss., Dills, Vetches. ‘Dills and wuts’ are often sown to be cut as green meat for horses.
3. attrib. and Comb., as dill-flower, dill-fruit, dill-seed; † dill-nut (dil-note), an old name of the Earth-nut, Bunium (also, by confusion of ‘pig-nut’ and ‘sow-bread’, taken in the herbals as Cyclamen); dill pickle orig. U.S., a pickled cucumber, gherkin, etc., flavoured with dill; dillwater, a carminative draught prepared from dill; dill weed, a name in U.S. for May weed, Anthemis Cotula.
a1450Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 134 Panis porcinus, ciclamen, malum terre, dilnote uel erthenote. a1500Laud MS. 553 in Cockayne Sax. Leechd. III. 321 Ciclamum, eorþenote or dillnote or slyte or halywort. Þis herbe hath leues ylich to fenel & whyte floures & a small stalk & he groweth in wodes & medes. 1586W. Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 78 And dyll flowres most sweete that sauoureth also. 1641French Distill. ii. (1651) 49 Adde to them..of Dill-seed bruised two ounces. 1858Hogg Veg. Kingd. 377 The carminative draught known as Dill water. 1860All Year Round No. 52. 48 The dill-water stands upon the shelf. 1906‘O. Henry’ Four Million (1916) 157 He saw her beginning upon a huge Dill pickle. 1916H. L. Wilson Somewhere in Red Gap v. 217 A big dill pickle, two deviled eggs, and a half of one of these Camelbert [sic] cheeses. 1971J. Sangster Your Friendly Neighbourhood Death Pedlar ii. 38 She..pulled out a bottle. ‘Dill pickle?’..She laid one pickle on each plate.
▪ II. † dill, n.2 Obs. Rogues' Cant.
[Variant of, or error for, dell2.]
A girl, wench.
a1627Middleton Spanish Gipsy iv. i, Who loves not his dill, let him die at the gallows.
▪ III. dill, n.3 Naut.
The space underneath the cabin floor in a wooden fishing vessel, into which the bilge-water drains.
1882Standard 11 Mar. 3/4 The lad was placed in the dill, a place at the bottom of the vessel, full of bilge water.
▪ IV. dill n.4
obs. form of dole, grief, mourning.
c1420Anturs of Arth. xv, I in dungun, and dill, is done for to duelle. a1765Sir Cawline iv. in Child Ballads iii. lxi. 58/1 Great dill to him was dight.
▪ V. dill n.5
erron. f. dilse, dulse, a sea-weed.
1867in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
▪ VI. dill, n.6 Austral. and N.Z. slang.|dɪl|
Also dil.
[app. back-formation from dilly a.1]
A fool or simpleton; spec. one who is duped by a trickster.
1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 23 Dil, a simpleton or fool. (2) A trickster's victim. 1949Evening News 16 Feb. 4/6 Sydney has developed its own picturesque slang. They talk of..‘a dill’ (a weak character). 1957‘N. Culotta’ They're a Weird Mob (1958) i. 13 Well don't stand there like a dill. Ibid. ix. 133 Joe said they were a ‘lot o' dills’. 1961P. White Riders in Chariot xv. 503, I am the same dill that always stuck around! 1969Telegraph (Brisbane) 28 Aug. 2/7 At the start he felt a bit of a dill in a wig and robes. 1970N.Z. Listener 12 Oct. 12/5 She acted like a dill. She shouldn't have antagonised us.
▪ VII. † dill, a. north. dial. Obs.
Also 4 dil, dille, deille, dylle.
[Perh. early form of dull a. q.v.]
Sluggish, slow, stupid, dull.
c1200Ormin 3714 Mannkinn þatt wass stunnt & dill, & skilllæs swa summ asse. a1300Cursor M. 17225 (Cott.) Bot i þat es sa dedli dill, Me spedis ai me-self to spill. Ibid. 27238 Yong man [is] idel, and ald man dill. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 679 Hymself to onsware he is not dylle. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1529 Ȝe demen me to dille your dalyaunce to herken. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. ix (1867) 91 All þe dedes þay couthe doo þat derfe ware and dill. c1440York Myst. xxvii. 149 So wel away! That euer I did þat dede so dill.
▪ VIII. † dill, v.1 Obs.
Also 4 dil, dyle.
[a. ON. dylja (pa. tense duldi, dulði, pa. pple. duldr, duliðr), Sw. dölja, Da. dölge to conceal, hide, keep close, disguise: cf. ON. dul concealment, dulr silent, close, dul-secret.]
1. trans. to conceal, hide, keep secret.
a1300Cursor M. 202 (Cott.) Iuus wit þer gret vnschill Wend his vprisyng to dill. Ibid. 1081 His broiþer ded sua wend he dil, Bot he moght nourquar it hil. Ibid. 4271 And ioseph lette he wist it noght; He wist and dild it, als þe wis. Ibid. 13031 Naman aght it thol ne dill. [Fairf. dyle.] Ibid. 21363 Þe right rode þai wend to dil [Fairf. dille] Vte of þe cristen men skil.
2. intr. To conceal oneself, to hide.
a1300Cursor M. 9292 (Cott.) Fra him for-soth sal nan cun dil [v. rr. stele, wiþdrawe].
▪ IX. dill, v.2 north. dial.
[Related to dill a.: cf. dull v.; also ON. dilla intr. to trill, to lull.]
trans. To soothe, assuage, lull, quiet down.
c1450Henryson Robin & Ma. v, My dule in dern bot gif thow dill Doutles bot dreid I de. c1460Towneley Myst. xv. 80 (Surtees) 136 My son? alas, for care! who may my doyllys dyll? 1641R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 310 The noise of the Queen's Voyage to France is dilled down. 1820J. Struthers Brit. Minstrel II. 80 The word dill means simply to soothe or assuage. 1851S. Judd Margaret 140 (Bartlett) This medecine. It'll dill fevers, dry up sores..kill worms. 1855Robinson Whitby Gloss., Dill, to ease pain, to lull, as something ‘to dill the toothache’. 1875Lanc. Gloss., Dill, to lull or soothe a child..‘thee dill that chylt an' git it asleep’.
b. absol. To benumb, cause dullness.
c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 4034 With þaim þe seke man fete he hilde For þare þe paralisy first dilde.
▪ X. † dill, v.3 Obs.
[Origin uncertain.]
trans. To trim, deck, dress up. (Also absol.)
1548Hooper Declar. 10 Commandm. x. Wks. (Parker Soc.) 377 Other sort..are a-dilling and burling of their hair a longer time than a godly woman..is in apparelling of three or four young infants. 1594Willobie Arisa xx. i. (1635) 38 No maruell well, though you haue thriu'd That so can decke, that so can dill. 1616J. Lane Cont. Sqr.'s T. xi. 160 The vanities of thother knightes and ladies; The fickell pompe of dilld-vp whifflinge babies. |