| 释义 |
▪ I. stud, n.1|stʌd|
Forms: 1 studu, stuðu (acc. stoðe, stuðe, -u, -o, dat. styde, styðe), 4 stod, stoode, 4–6 stode, 5–6 stodde, 5–7 studde, 6 stood, stude, 6– 8 studd, 6– stud. See also stooth.
[OE. studu, stuðu fem. (cons.-stem), also stod (? fem.) = MHG. stud fem., ON. stoð fem. (MSw. stuþ fem., neut., mod.Sw. stöd neut.):—OTeut. *stuð-, *stuþ-:—pre-Teut. *stut-, prop, support. From the n. are OHG. studen (MHG. stüden) to fix, settle, ON. styðja to prop, support, stoða to support, help, avail.
An extended form of the root (OTeut. *stutt-:—pre-Teut. *stutn-) appears in MLG., (M)Du. stutten, OHG. stutzen (MHG., mod.G. stützen) to prop, support, MLG., MDu. stutte (mod.Du. stut), MHG., mod.G. stütze fem., prop.
The meaning in branch II is not easy to account for, but there does not appear to be reason to doubt the etymological identity of the word.]
I. A post, prop.
1. a. † In early use gen., a wooden post of any kind, an upright prop or support (obs.). Subsequently, one of the upright timbers in the wall of a building; now chiefly, one of the smaller uprights, of the height of a single story, interposed between the principal posts in the framing of a partition wall (= quarter n. 19).
c850Kent. Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 63/30 Et observat postes ostii mei, & beᵹemð stuðe [? or stoðe] minre dure. c900Bæda's Hist. iii. x. (1890) 180 Aheng he þone sceat..on ane studu þæs waᵹes [L. in una posta parietis]. Ibid. 182 Ac hit clæne forbarn, nemne seo studu aan [MS. β, butan þære anre styðe]. 1336–7Ely Sacrist Rolls (1907) II. 78 In vijxx et iiij stodes quercinis empt. apud Reche, 1 4 1. 1420in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 443 Item pro ij stodys angularibus oratorii iijs. 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 200 My Lord made comenaunt with Rychard Tornor to make his new wall..the space to be a fote and halffe betwene the stodes. 1486Nottingham Rec. III. 253 For ij. studdes to þe same bothe. c1568in Swayne Churchw. Acc. Sarum (1896) 115, 3 dosen of stoddes 12d. 1577Harrison England ii. x. 84 b, in Holinshed, In the open..soyles they are inforced for want of stuffe to vse no studdes at all, but onlie raysines, groundselles,..and vpright principalles. 1578Banister Hist. Man i. 17 b, The..ridgbeame of a shyp..whereunto the chief studdes, or postes of the frame worke are mortised. 1617in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) I. 205 The particians shall bee maide with..punchions and studds of oake. 1624T. Taylor Two Serm. Ded. A 2 b, What were the two studs of the house in which Sampson played, that is, Religion and Iustice in the Common-wealth, if they be pulled downe..the Church and Common-wealth fall together. 1656Artif. Handsom. 11 It is a grosse mistake in Architecture, to think that every small stud bears the main stresse and burthen of the building, which lies (indeed) upon the principall timbers. 1737Salmon's Country Builder's Estimator (ed. 2) 7 The Studds, or Quarters, to stand twelve Inches asunder. 1792A. Young Trav. France (1889) 19 The houses and cottages of wood filled between the studs with clay or bricks. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 569 If to support girders, they [principal uprights in a partition wall] should be trussed, and afterwards filled in with parallel pieces, called studs. 1836Parker Gloss. Archit. (1850) I. 449 Studs, the intermediate posts in partitions or wood⁓work; they also are termed uprights and quarters. 1865Thoreau Cape Cod ii. 22 The rows fully as straight as the studs of a building. 1915Antiquary Nov. 426/2 A very rough floral design painted in black and white between the studs of a fifteenth-century cottage.
b. collect. sing. Laths to be used as the uprights in partition walls or the walls of lath-and-plaster buildings. Chiefly in combinations, as stud and mud, stud and plaster, used attrib. to denote a mode of building in which the walls are of ‘studs’, interlaced with twigs or having laths nailed upon them, and covered with mud or plaster.
c1535in Dugdale Monast. Angl. (1825) V. 206 A litle chapell of our Ladie, which is coverd with tile and buylded with studde. 1580Tusser Husb. (1878) 73 Saue crotchis of wud, Saue spars and stud. 1613Markham Eng. Husbandman i. i. iv. (1635) 24 [A] house..intended..to be built of studde and plaster. 1788Archæologia (1789) IX. 111 The buildings erected then were either of whole logs, or of timber uprights wattled, such as at this very day in the North is called stud and mud. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Stud and teer, a rustic mode of building a wall with interwoven sticks instead of lath, plastered or teer'd with dirt instead of mortar.
†2. fig. A prop, or support. Obs.
a1450Le Morte Arth. 3621 There he hopyd it were beste For to gete hym som lyves stode. 1583Golding Calvin on Deut. cli. 932 If we tread vpon such as haue no credite nor meane to defende themselues, nor any stud to leane vnto. a1603T. Cartwright Confut. Rhem. N.T. (1616) 576 The chiefe pillers and studds of Popery before 600 yeares after Christ. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. iii. 27 The Lords were become Supporters to the Crown, Studds to the Throne, and a Reserve to the People, against the violent motions of an unbridled minde in their King. 1652Benlowes Theoph. vii. xxxi, Parent of Beings, Entities sole Stud.
3. U.S. The height of a room from floor to ceiling.
1850Mrs. Hawthorne in J. Hawthorne N. Hawthorne & Wife (1885) I. 369 You cannot think how pretty the room looks, though with such a low stud that I have to get acclimated to it, and still fear to be crushed. 1886E. S. Morse Jap. Homes ii. 63 These rooms were unusually high in stud.
4.
†a. A stem, trunk (of a tree). Obs.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Mar. 13 Seest not thilke same Hawthorne studde? 1591― Virg. Gnat 84 This with full bit doth catch the vtmost top Of some soft Willow, or new growen stud. 1621G. Sandys Ovid's Met. v. (1632) 187 Vpon a Sallow stud My robe I hung, and leapt into the flood.
b. A short branch, spur. rare.
1657R. Ligon Barbadoes 76 Now there is an addition to her [sc. the palmetto tree's] beauty by two green studds, or supporters, that rise out of her sides,.. they are about three foot long, small at the place from whence they grow, but bigger upwards. 1797Coleridge Christening Friend's Child 39 Ah, fond deceit! the rude green bud Alike in shape, place, name, Had bloom'd where bloom'd its parent stud, Another and the same! 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 555 The fruit is generally produced on small spurs or studs, from half an inch to two inches in length, which proceed from the sides and ends of the two-year, three-year, and occasionally from the older branches.
II. Something fixed in and projecting from a surface.
5. a. In early use, an ornamental round knob of metal or amber on a girdle, bridle, or the like. In later use with wider sense, a boss or large nail-head standing out on a surface, for the purpose of decoration or protection.
[1397: see stooth 2.] 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 623/3 Bulla, a stode, i. nodus in cingulo. 1420E.E. Wills 46 A gurdyll..with a bocull and a pendaunt ad xxxiij. stodys of syluer and ouerguld. 1555in Foxe A. & M. (1583) 1546/1 He vseth bridle wyth white studs & snaffle. 1577B. Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. iii. 155 The shepheardes Mastie... To arme them agaynst the Woolfe..you may put brode collers about theyr neckes full of nayles, and iron studdes, lyning it with soft leather within. 1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 274/1 Miliares clauiculi,..the studs of a buckler. a1593Marlowe Passionate Sheph. 18 A belt of straw and Iuie buds, With Corall clasps and Amber studs. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iii. ii. 63 And a womans Crupper of velure, which hath two letters for her name, fairely set down in studs. c1598Deloney Thomas of Reading (1912) 220 The instruments whereon his seruants plaid, were richly garnished with studdes of siluer. 1603Stow Surv. Lond. (1908) I. 57 They vsed Leather money, with a little stud or naile of siluer in the middest thereof. 1641Milton Reform. i. 27 Some of the nailes whereof hee put into his Helmet,..others he fasten'd among the studds of his bridle. 1671― P.R. iv. 120 Crystal and Myrrhine cups imboss'd with Gems And studs of Pearl. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Stud, a Nail imbossed in any thing. 1725Pope Odyss. x. 375 Radiant with starry studs, a silver seat Receiv'd my limbs; a footstool eas'd my feet. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. xiv. i. 342 note, These are the feathers of black herons stuck into a tube, supported by a stud of precious stones. 1756–7tr. Keysler's Trav. (1760) II. 274 The studs used in the old mosaic-works are very large, and often covered either with silver or gold. 1784Cowper Task v. 426 To wear out time in numb'ring to and fro The studs that thick emboss his iron door. 1818Keats Endym. i. 924 That time thou didst adorn, with amber studs, My hunting-cap. 1860J. Hewitt Arms & Arm. II. 122 The brass of William de Aldeburgh, 1360,..offers a variety, in the studs being quatrefoil instead of round. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) I. vi. 517 Each bore on his left arm a shield with gilded boss and studs. a1890D. Davidson Mem. Long Life iii. 60 The gate..is..of wrought brass, the studs being elaborately chased.
transf. and fig.1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. iv. 106 So those gilt studs in th' upper story driv'n, Are nothing but the thickest part of Heav'n. 1604Breton Passionate Sheph. (Grosart) 10/2 And for her teeth, no Granam studdes, Nor like the Knagges of Blacke-thorne buddes. 1694N. H. Ladies Dict. 416/1 When Night has cast her Sable Mantle o're the World, the Face of Heaven..will be gay, by putting on her gaudy spots of Light, and Studs of Stars. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 48 There once were springs, when daisies' silver studs Like sheets of snow on every pasture spread.
†b. A coloured spot. Obs.
a1728Woodward Nat. Hist. Fossils i. (1729) I. 49 A Peble of a light brown Colour. In one part of it the Surface is somewhat depress'd; and there, upon a Plane, are several small oblong Studds, each near as big as a Rape-Seed, placed regularly in a Quincunx Order. 1751G. Edwards Nat. Hist. Birds iv. 243 The great brown Caterpillar, with golden Studs.
c. Arch. A sculptured disk such as was used in the ornamentation of mouldings in the Late Norman period of English architecture.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 360 [The Cathedral of Lichfield] being finely adorned with Studds and carved work. 1835Whewell Archit. Notes (1842) 282 Here we have a great abundance of those things which are excluded from the supposed first Norman style. Zigzags large and small, frets lozenged and embattled, cable-mouldings, studs, &c. 1843Bloxam Princ. Gothic Archit. iv. (ed. 5) 87 [Norman mouldings] The pellet or stud.
d. One of a series of small devices protruding slightly above the surface of a road and used to demarcate traffic lanes; spec. = cat's eye 5.
1935, etc. [see road stud s.v. road n. 9 b]. 1939L. MacNeice Autumn Jrnl. viii. 33 The metal studs in the sleek macadam. 1943Ann. Reg. 1942 386 A traffic stud insecurely fixed..flew up and injured a cyclist. 1958Spectator 8 Aug. 190/2 The road studs known as cat's eyes. 1975R. Hoban Turtle Diary xxxii. 151 There were reflecting studs in the road. 1978Highway Code 18 Coloured reflecting road studs may be used with white lines—white studs mark the lanes or centre of the road, while the edge of the carriageway may have red studs on the left-hand side and amber by the central reservation of dual carriageways. Green studs may be used across lay-bys and side roads.
e. = ear-stud s.v. ear n.1 17.
[1873: see ear-stud s.v. ear n.1 17.] 1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 172 Stud, a plain ‘knob’ on the ear. 1979N. Freeling Widow xxiii. 143 Garnet studs in the pale fleshy lobes of the ears.
6. A kind of button (made of bone, ivory, mother-of-pearl or some imitation, or of metal, sometimes jewelled), which is passed through one or more eyelet-holes, either in order to fasten some article of dress, or merely for ornament. See also press-stud.
Quot. 1555 may belong to sense 5.
1555Instit. Gentl. I vij b, The Frencheman..vseth aggletes, studdes, perles embroderye, colors vpon colors. 1772Phil. Trans. LXII. 135 The stud in his shirt sleeve. 1840Hood Up Rhine 110 His shirt was fastened with mosaic studs, besides a complicated sort of brooch. 1854Surtees Handley Cr. v. (1901) I. 40 He had..an infinity of studs down an ill-fitting, badly-washed shirt.
7. Machinery.
a. A lug or projecting socket to receive the end of an axle, pin, etc.
1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing x. ⁋9 In the middle of these two Studs is made a..Hole..to receive the two round ends of an Iron Pin. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 323/1 The end of the Spindle, which turns upon a Stud or Stand. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 314 This screw works in a stud M, which is screwed firmly upon the top of the stud F.
b. A short rod or pin fixed in or projecting from something, and serving as a support, axis, or stop.
1694J. Smith Horolog. Disquisit. 50 Let him fix or drive into the back of the Case a strong Stud of Brass or Iron. 1815in Abridgm. Specif. Patents Locks, etc. (1873) 20 In making the wards of the lock..move or turn upon studs, pillars, or axes. 1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 360 The ring for the outer case or cope is now laid down, and its position is denoted either by fixed studs or by marks. 1860Rimbault Pianoforte 395 Stud, a metallic application to grand and other superior pianofortes, screwed into the wrest-plank to obtain an upward bearing of the string, instead of a downward one over the pin-bridge, by which clearness of tone is obtained. 1866R. M. Ferguson Electr. 236 Morse's Recording Instrument..By the attraction of A, the end l is lowered and brought against the stud n. 1871Culley Pract. Telegr. (ed. 5) 215 The single current key may be made to send double currents by attaching a switch to the back-stop (the stud on which the key lies when at rest). 1873Nelthropp Watch-work 21 Stud, a small piece of metal designed to hold some portion of the movement, as pendulum-stud, cap-studs, &c. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 205/2 (Carriage-building) The plates are fitted to each other, and being forged to the required span are held in position by studs.
c. Electric traction.
1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 496/1 The [electric railway] line is divided into short sections; each of these has an exposed conductor, which may be one of the rails, and this is placed in temporary contact with the insulated conductor as the train passes, by the pressure of the wheels on a flexible rail or stud. 1908Daily News 14 Apr. 9 One of the principal defects has reference to the stud that supplies the current retaining its power some time after the car has passed. A ‘live’ stud will always be a source of danger.
d. Gunnery. One of a number of protuberances on the surface of a projectile to be fired from a rifled gun, placed spirally for the purpose of making the shot receive rotatory movement from the grooving of the gun.
1866in Parl. Papers (1867) XLI. 809 In the last lot of 9-inch shot..there are a considerable number that appear..quite unfit for issue..as some of the studs are shapeless blotches of gun metal, scarcely projecting at all from the surface of the shot. 1876Will & Dalton Artill. Hand-bk. Ref. 228 For all projectiles for 7{pp} M.L.R. guns and upwards the studs are made of an alloy of 10 parts of copper to 1 part of tin.
e. = stud-bolt (see 9).
1887[see stud-bolt in 9]. 1908McLaren Mech. Engin. 19 Studs are used where there is not room for a bolt-head..or where it is undesirable to make a hole through both pieces of metal to be fastened together.
f. Naut. A transverse bar of cast-iron inserted in the middle of each link of a chain-cable.
1863[see stud-chain in 9]. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 621/2 The stud [in chain cable] keeps the link from collapsing, and increases its strength considerably.
g. One of a number of metal pieces set into the tyre of a motor vehicle to improve roadholding in slippery conditions. N. Amer.
[1909Westm. Gaz. 11 Nov. 5/2 Messrs. B. F. Goodrich will exhibit their all-rubber non-skids, in which the rubber studs form an integral part of the tread, as well as a new steel-studded tyre.] 1963Pop. Mechanics Sept. 24 PM tried one version of Season Safety Stud tires on a glassy smooth skating rink and found performance impressive. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 13 Nov. 10/4 In Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin studded tires have been barred this year for the first time. In Michigan a new law permits studs only if they meet certain rigid—and some say impossible— specifications.
† III. 8. = stud-rope: see 9.
1336–7Acc. Exch. K.R. 19/31 m. 4 In xv. petris cord' de canabo..pro duobus stodes inde faciendis.
IV.
9. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 7 c) stud-shot; (sense 7 d, with reference to electric traction) stud-line, stud-tramway; (sense 7 e) stud-hole; (sense 7 f) stud-chain, stud-link; (sense 6) stud-maker; also stud-bolt, a cylindrical bolt, threaded at both ends, one end to be screwed into a hole tapped in a casting or the like, while the other end passes through a hole in the cover-plate, which is secured by a nut; stud-box, a cylindrical tool for inserting stud-bolts, having at the lower end a tapped hole and at the upper end a square shank to be operated by a spanner; stud centre, a stud (sense 7 b) serving as an axis; † stud-clay a. = stud and mud (see 1 b); stud-ear-ring = ear-stud s.v. ear n.1 17; cf. sense 5 e above; stud-fish U.S., a kind of killifish (see quot.); stud-partition, a partition constructed of studs (sense 1); stud-piece = sense 1; † stud-rope Naut., a rope of some kind used on a ship; stud-wall, a wall built of lath and plaster; stud welding, a method of welding in which an arc is struck between a stud and the base metal, producing a pool of molten metal into which the stud is driven to form a weld; † stud-wise adv. (nonce-wd.), with a pattern of studs (mistransl. of L. lato clavo); stud-work, building in lath and plaster.
1887D. A. Low Machine Draw. (1892) 18 Studs, or *stud bolts, are shown in figs. 15 and 16.
1894Lineham Mech. Engin. 214 The stud hole being drilled and tapped..the stud..is entered, and a *stud box placed upon the opposite end.
1860Ure's Dict. Arts III. 649 The pendent lower end of a bent lever, working on a *stud centre.
1863A. Young Naut. Dict. 398 *Stud-chain.
1719in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 213 A *Stud-Clay-Wall which supported y⊇ South end of that Stable.
1919–20T. Eaton & Co. Catal. Fall & Winter 394/3, 14k *stud earrings, set with diamond. 1966[see ear-stud s.v. ear n.1 17]. 1973E. Linington Crime by Chance i. 10 Sue..put on makeup and small stud earrings.
1882Jordan & Gilbert Syn. Fishes N. Amer. 337 Fundulus stellifer, Spotted *Stud-fish.
1894*Stud-hole [see stud-box].
1906Westm. Gaz. 31 Jan. 3/2 This particular form of the *stud-line is..being tried for the first time.
1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 621/1 Cables are sometimes made of common chain, but the best..are made of *stud-link chain.
1861Internat. Exhib. 1862, Alph. Lists Trades 39 *Stud Makers.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 90 Five square of *stud-partitions. 1886Willis & Clark Cambridge II. 166 A passage..separated from the dining-room by a stud-partition.
1799A. Young Agric. Lincoln. 35 They are commonly built of..stud and mud; the *stud-pieces as large as a man's arm.
1336Acc. Exch. K.R. 20/20 De xij. petris cordarum de Canabo..pro vno *Stodrop inde faciendo.
1867Jrnls. Ho. Comm. 22 Feb. 69/2 The Report of the Commanding Officer of Artillery at Halifax, in respect to the Ordnance Select Committee's *Stud Shot sent to that Colony.
1598–9in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 477 The *studd wall that stood at the further ende. 1719Ibid. II. 213 The lower part of that Stud-wall was..pulled down.
1941A. C. Davies Sci. & Pract. Welding iv. 298 (heading) *Stud welding or studding. 1962Engineering 20 Apr. 527/1 Stud welding has the advantage that there is no distortion of the flanges of the steel beams. 1975Bram & Downs Manuf. Technol. ii. 57 Stud welding is a form of electric-arc welding.
1600Holland Livy xxvii. xix. 643 A coat embrodered with purple *stud-wise.
1789T. Rawlins Fam. Archit. Introd. p. v, As all Persons that build are not willing to go to an equal Expence, some liking thick, others thin Walls, and some only *Stud-work. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 91 Eight square and fifty feet of stud-work. 1859Parker Dom. Archit. III. ii. vii. 211 The two stories over are of timber stud-work. 1897Archæologia Ser. ii. V. 412 Subdivisions of lath and plaster or stud-work.
▪ II. stud, n.2|stʌd|
Forms: 1 stód, stood, 3 stude, 3–7 stode, 4–7 stod, 5 stoode, 5–6 studde, 5–7 Sc. stuid, 6 sstoode, stoude, stude, 7 stood, 7–8 studd, 7– stud.
[OE. stód neut., corresponds (exc. in declension and gender) to MLG. stôt, stôd-, OHG. stuot fem. stud of horses (MHG. stuot stud, mare, mod.G. stute mare), ON. stóð neut. stud of mares (Da. stod stud of 12 horses; MSw. stôþ neut. stud of mares; mod.Sw. sto mare):—OTeut. *stōđo-m, *stōđō, f. root *stō-: *sta-: see stand v. Cf. OSl. stado, Lith. stódas stud of horses. The change of OE. ó before d into (ʌ) is paralleled in blood, flood.]
1. a. An establishment in which stallions and mares are kept for breeding. Also, the stallions and mares kept in such an establishment.
c1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 119/39 Equartium, stood. c1000Will of ælfhelm in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 300 Ic ᵹean minum wife healfes ðæs stodes æt Trostingtune and minum ᵹeferan healfes ðe me mid ridað. c1250Owl & Night. 495 Þe sulue stottes yne þe stode Beþ boþe wilde and marewode. 1390Gower Conf. III. 204 Unto his hors fulofte he yaf The men in stede of corn and chaf, So that the hors of thilke stod Devoureden the mennes blod. 1614Sir R. Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) I. 51 Given Dick Dalton a young gelding of my stood. 1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4709/4 Richard Marshall, Esq; Master of her Majesty's Studd. 1725Bradley's Family Dict., Studd, a place where Stallions and Mares are kept to propagate their Kind; or else the Word signifies the Stallions and breeding Mares themselves. 1831Sir J. Sinclair Corr. II. 212 A respectable Danish gentleman, Sir Frederick Nielson, who was the master of his Danish Majesty's Stud, came to Scotland, in 1824. 1851‘Cecil’ Stud Farm 43 It may sometimes occur with blood stock that cannot race,..that no occupation can be found for them, and thus they find their way into the stud. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 412/2 Stud, a place where horses are bred or kept. In England, the government does not, under this name, possess any such establishment. 1898Seton-Karr Ld. Cornwallis v. 115 A third [order] establishes a Government Stud in the district of Tirhút.
†b. A collection of mares (also, rarely, of stallions) kept for breeding. Obs.
c1340Nominale (Skeat) 770 Vn harasse de poleyns, A stode of coltes. a1400Sir Perc. 326 He sawe a fulle faire stode Offe coltes and of meres gude. c1452MS. Egerton 1995 in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1907–10, iii. 52 A Stoode of marys. c1532G. Du Wes Introd. Fr. in Palsgr. 916 Stoude of stalons, haras destalons. 1537Darcy in Lett. Suppress. Monast. (Camden) 158 The kynges hyenes is att greatt charge with his sstoodes off mares att Thornbery and other placys. 1547Acts Privy Council (1890) II. 86 The wages of divers persons having custodie of a studde or race of mares. 1607Markham Cavel. i. 29, I..would wish no..man..to preserue his Mares longer in his studd, then from three yeares old till ten.
†c. A breed, race (of horses); also transf. Obs.
c1308Song on the Times in Pol. Songs (1839) 201 Sei thou me, asse, wat hast i-do? Me thenchith thou cannist no gode... Thou come of lither stode. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. cvi, (Proheme viii.) The awfull churle is of ane othir strind. Thoucht he be borne to vilest servitude, Thair may na gentrice sink into his mind,..The bludy wolf is of the samin stude: He feris gret beistis, and ragis on the small. 1557T. Phaer æneid vii. (1558) T ij b, Coursers..Engendryd of that race, whom Cyrces liuely did inuent To mixe with mortall studdes.
†2. Used for: Horses. Obs.
c1305Land Cokaygne 35 Þer nis schepe no swine no gote... Nother harate [read harace], nother stode. Þe lond is ful of oþer gode. c1325Chron. Eng. 840 in Ritson Metr. Rom. II. 305 For that tresoun that hy dude Hy were to-drawen wythe stude. 1422Yonge tr. Secreta Secret. 204 Alle the most Inly..tounes of leys, wyth moche of hare stode and har cornes,..he braunt and destruyet.
3. a. In early use: The horses bred by and belonging to one person. In later use: A number of horses (esp. race-horses or hunters) belonging to one owner.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Yorks. (1662) 187 Whereas a Stud of Horses bred in foggy fenny ground..have often a Fen in their feet, being soft and soon subject to be foundred. 1690Lond. Gaz. No. 2588/4 The Stud or Breed of Horses, late belonging to Sutton Oglethorpe Esq;..are now to be disposed of there. 1740Richardson Pamela (1824) I. 104 After my master had dined, he took a turn into his stables to look at his stud of horses. 1814Scott Wav. xxv, Sir Everard's letters..seldom concluded without some allusion to our hero's stud. 1846Ld. G. Bentinck Let. 18 Aug. in Daily Tel. (1883) 10 July, Mr. Mostyn has purchased my stud. 1858Ld. J. Russell in Fitzmaurice Life Granville (1905) I. 321 There are various speculations as to Derby's selling his stud;..the probable one is that his horses are not very good. 1863W. C. Baldwin Afr. Hunting viii. 308 My stud is now reduced to three... All my Natal nags are dead. 1910Goldw. Smith Reminisc. ii. 22 He kept a hunting stud to the last.
punningly.1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Witches & Night-fears, I confess an occasional night-mare; but I do not, as in early youth, keep a stud of them.
b. transf. A collection of animals of a particular kind (esp. of dogs) belonging to one person; also sometimes jocularly applied to a staff or body of persons of some particular class or function. Also, in recent use, a number of motor-cars belonging to one person.
1798J. Lawrence Treat. Horse II. 19, I am as fond of playing with my cat, as ever was..Crebillion, who kept so large a stud of them. 1804Europ. Mag. XLV. 365/2 This Gentleman..has a stud of beauties the representatives of those of former times, Mary Queen of Scots, Ann Bulleyn, Fair Rosamond, [etc.]. 1813Sporting Mag. XLI. 172 A gentleman in Hampshire,..having a large stud of sows. 1828Ibid. N.S. XXI. 187 The symmetry..exhibited by some of the studs of greyhounds. 1833J. Nyren Yng. Cricketer's Tutor (1902) 75 These four were our tip-top men, and I think such another stud was not to be matched in the whole kingdom, either before or since. 1854Poultry Chron. I. 527, I had last year, a good stud of Partridge Cochins, which produced good chickens. 189919th Cent. May 816 Knowing the difficulties one meets with before one possesses a stud of reliable homers. 1907Motoring Illustr. 16 Mar. 79/1 King Edward never goes on his travels unless accompanied by one or more of his numerous stud of motor-cars. 1908Advt., Fine stud of motor-cars for hire.
4.
†a. [Short for stud-mare: cf. G. stute, Sw. sto.] A mare kept for breeding. Sc. Obs. rare.
c1480Henryson Trial of Fox xxix, Ga, mak ane message sone vnto that stuid. [Cf. ante xxviii, Thay said, ‘Nane, except ane stuid gray meir.’] 1570Buchanan Admonit. Wks. (1892) 31 Thay blamit opinlie the regent that reservit the quene..as yai said..to be ane stude to cast ma folis.
b. [Short for stud-horse.] A stallion. U.S.
1803M. Cutler in Life, Jrnl. & Corr. (1888) II. 142 The famous white stud, an Arabian horse, called the Dey of Algiers, on the ground. 1807P. Gass Jrnl. 201 Remained here all day and had a great deal of trouble with our horses, as they are all studs, and break almost every rope we can raise. 1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. 183 He was a stud, and as fine a horse of his class as I ever saw.
c. = stud-horse 2. Chiefly U.S.
[1890J. P. Quinn Fools of Fortune 188 Next to the banking games in the estimation of the betters comes poker, both ‘draw’ and ‘stud’.] 1933D. Runyon in Collier's 28 Jan. 8/1 A proposition may be only a problem in cards, such as..how often a pair of deuces will win a hand in stud. 1942W. Faulkner Go down, Moses 26 ‘Stud,’ Mr Hubert said. ‘One hand. You to shuffle, me to cut, this boy to deal.’ 1979Reese & Flint Trick 13 64 In seven-card stud a player who stays in the pot till the finish receives two cards face down, four face up, and one face down.
d. A man of (reputedly) great sexual potency or accomplishments; a womanizer, a habitual seducer of women. In weakened uses: as a familiar term of address among men; a boy-friend or escort.
Particularly common since c 1960.
1895W. Rye Gloss. E. Anglia 217 Stud, a nickname given to a man from his love of venery (Wilton, 1877). 1909Dialect Notes III. 377 Stud (-horse), n., a stallion. Also used as a term of familiar address among men. ‘Hello, old stud, how are you?’ 1955Amer. Speech XXX. 305 [Wayne University slang] Stud, a ladies' man. 1959C. Macinnes Absolute Beginners 165 The chick sits on cushions in the front part, with a brolly, and her stud heaves the thing along with a hop pole, just like gondolas. 1960B. Moore Luck of Ginger Coffey iv. 88 Throwing her across this bed yesterday, pleased with yourself for being the great stud. 1964S. Bellow Herzog 154 Still in fleeting moments the young and glossy stud—such as he really had never been. 1974M. Haskell From Reverence to Rape 250 In the sixties we came to realize that the figure of the stud (the gamekeeper, the ‘macho’ Latin, the gigolo) is, like the sex-starved woman, largely a figment of male homosexual fantasy. 1981S. Rushdie Midnight's Children iii. 395 A notorious seducer; a ladies'-man; a cuckolder of the rich; in short, a stud.
e. Hence (without explicit sexual significance): a man, a fellow, esp. one who is well-informed; a youth. U.S. slang (chiefly Blacks').
1929M. A. Gill Underworld Slang 10/2 Stud, man. 1944D. Burley Orig. Handbk. Harlem Jive 70 If you're a hipped stud, you'll latch on. 1946Mezzrow & Wolfe Really Blues (1957) 379 Stud, guy, man. 1963E. J. Gaines in Sewanee Rev. Autumn 550, I mean a stud's going to drink eggnog, and he isn't going to put whiskey in it. 1967W. Murray Sweet Ride x. 169 We're looking for a couple of studs..Jimmy the Head and Jawbone. 1970R. D. Abrahams Positively Black ii. 46 But who's this stud they call Billy?
5. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) stud department, stud-farm, stud-fee, stud-keeper, stud-master, stud-park; denoting animals kept for breeding, as stud-greyhound, stud-hound, stud-sheep; (sense 3) stud sale. Also stud-book, a book giving the pedigree of thoroughbred horses; also, in recent use, a similar book relating to dogs or occasionally to other animals valued for pedigree; also transf. and fig., a catalogue of aristocratic pedigree, esp. = Burke n., Debrett n.; stud-bred Anglo-Indian, a horse bred in the government stud; † stud-fold, an enclosure in which brood-mares are pastured; stud-groom, the head groom attached to a stud; † stud-herd, the servant in charge of a stud; stud-house, a building for the accommodation of a stud; also, in England, the name of the official residence of the Master of the Horse at Hampton Court; studman, a servant attached to the stud; stud-poker = stud-horse poker (see stud-horse 2) (now the commonest form); studsman, a horse-breeder. Also stud-horse, stud-mare.
1803(title) The General *Stud Book, containing pedigrees of race horses, &c. &c. from the restoration to the present time. 1888Kipling Story of Gadsbys (1891) viii. 122 'Fraid you won't be entered in the Stud Book correctly unless you go Home? 1897Encycl. Sport I. 210 Stud Book, the official registry of running and breeding greyhounds. 1906(title) The United States Register and Studbook for Cats. 1933D. L. Sayers Murder must Advertise xi. 198, I think I know the stud-book pretty well. I was not aware that you had a cousin Bredon. 1982R. Barnard Death & Princess xii. 122 Lady Dorothy..can drone on endlessly about her family tree... She's a sort of walking stud-book.
1879Mrs. A. G. F. E. James Ind. Househ. Managem. 69 These *stud-breds were then in good demand. 1886Kipling Departm. Ditties, etc. (1899) 99 Ah! stud-bred of ill-omen.
1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 413/1 Officers of the army specially appointed, belonging to the *stud department.
1833Q. Rev. XLIX. 423 His lordship has also at his *stud-farm, in Derbyshire, the renowned horses Priam and Zinganee.
1922Joyce Ulysses 540 What's our *studfee?.. You fee men dancers on the Riviera, I read. 1953X. Fielding Stronghold 48 My stud-fee's as low as you like—I'd do it for nothing.
c950Boundaries of Baddanburh in Kemble Cod. Dipl. VI. 213 Of ðam wylle on ðone *stodfald. 1558Exch. Rolls Scot. XIX. 62 [48s.] de firmis domus tecte tegulis et stodfaldis.
1868Field 4 July 21/2 Advt., *Stud Greyhounds.
1737J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. (ed. 33) 241 At Hampton Court, 2 *Studd Grooms. 1833Q. Rev. XLIX. 385 Mr. Place, stud-groom to Cromwell, was a conspicuous character of those days. 1884Law Rep., 13 Q.B. Div. 621 No one would think of requiring a stud-groom to groom cart horses. 1853R. S. Surtees Sponge's Sp. Tour vi. (1893) 31 Leather..turned out in a very stud-groomish-looking, basket-buttoned, brown cut-away.
1458Mem. Fountains (Surtees) 252 (Nomina famulorum) Rob. West, *studherd.
1826J. Cook Fox-hunting 227 *Stud hounds.
1829Sporting Mag. XXIV. 221 The great Ducal *stud-house at Florence is a fine and spacious building. 191119th Cent. Sept. 541 The King was dining with Lord and Lady Albemarle at the Stud House, Hampton Court.
1569Ir. Act 11 Eliz. c. 7 (1621) 331 Nor shall as a Captaine..take or exacte for the finding of him or them their Horsemen, Footemen..*Stodekeepers, Officers, or adherentes..any kinde of Exaction.
1545in Lett. & Papers Hen. VIII (1907) XX. ii. 515 Matt. de Mantua, *studman, 4l. 11s. 3d.
1937E. Rickman On & Off Racecourse i. 3 Their best horses are placed at stud..or are sold to other *stud-masters. 1975N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Sept. 60/3 New Zealand studmasters have proved their ability through the years.
1875R. H. R. Rambles in Istria 58 A *stud-park which the Emperor of Austria keeps in this part of his dominions.
1864W. B. Dick Amer. Hoyle 167 *Stud poker.., in all essential particulars, is like the other Poker games. 1882Poker; how to play it 75 Stud Poker..is played in this manner. 1922S. Lewis Babbitt xxv. 295 All the way north he pictured the Maine guides: simple and strong and daring, jolly as they played stud-poker in their unceiled shack. 1959‘B. Mather’ Achilles Affair i. i. 13 He and Finnessy were playing murderous stud poker. 1978E. Tidyman Table Stakes ii. iii. 191 The best stud poker player who ever sat down among them.
1854Surtees Handley Cr. lx. (1901) II. 145 Advertisements were inserted in all the papers,..headed ‘Great *Stud Sale’.
1908Chamb. Jrnl. Nov. 704/1 Australian flock-owners are willing to pay enormous prices for Tasmanian *stud-sheep.
1902E. A. Woodruffe-Peacock Thoroughbreds 16 Few graziers and no *studsmen can recognise this dangerous fungus in their paddocks.
6. attrib. or adj. use of sense 4 d above: manly, displaying a masculine sexual character. Hence loosely in commendation: fine, excellent. Chiefly U.S. slang.
1944Auden Sea & Mirror in For Time Being iii. 56 The stud contralto gargling through her maternal grief. 1969Sat. Rev. (U.S.) 5 July 28 There's nothing like a head-shrinker..for putting you where you're at. That's stud. 1971Black Scholar Sept. 45/1 He had learned the stories about stud broads..but he knew Christine ‘used’ to be a stud broad. 1977Amer. Speech 1975 L. 67 Stud. 1: adj, outstanding, having all the attributes approved of by the group.
▪ III. stud, v.|stʌd|
Forms: 6 studd, 7 stood, styd, 7– stud.
[f. stud n.1]
1. trans. To supply with studs or upright timbers; to build with studs.
1505–6in Swayne Churchw. Acc. Sarum (1896) 260 Pro bredyng & dabyng & studdyng murorum in diuersis stadiis. 1511Nottingham Rec. III. 330 Settyng vp and studdyng of an other hous. 1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 330 Within the walls are to be studded, to protect from cold and damp.
2. To ornament or cover with or as with studs, bosses, or nail heads.
1570Levins Manip. 183/2 To studde, baccis ornare, geminare [read gemmare]. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. Induct. ii. 44 Their harnesse studded all with Gold and Pearle. 1624Gee Foot out of Snare v. 51 A gold Hat-band studded with letters or Characters. 1643Baker Chron., Hen. V, 48 The King..appointed divers stakes studded with iron at both ends..to be pitched behinde the Archers. 1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. ii. Disc. vii. 36 God hath studded all the Firmament, and paved it with starres. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 4 The Common Fly..her body is as it were from head to tayl studded with silver and black Armour. 1675Covel in Early Voy. Levant (Hakl. Soc.) 229 Severall round looking-glasses with gold frames..and stydded with pretious stones. 1715tr. Pancirollus' Rerum Mem. I. ii. vi. 74 Their Gates were studded with Nails of the brightest Iron. 1735Dyche & Pardon Dict., Stud v., to fill or ornament any thing with Studs, or small Wire, &c. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. VIII. 140 Most travellers who have gone through sandy countries, must well remember the little shining sparks with which the ditches are studded on each side of the road. 1790Cowper Iliad xix. 452 First to his legs his polish'd greaves he clasp'd Studded with silver. 1820Scott Monast. i, A strong door of oak, studded with nails. 1823Rutter Fonthill 41 The furniture of this room is entirely of ebony, studded with ivory. 1832–4De Quincey Cæars Wks. 1859 X. 231 His sandals were studded with pearls. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. I. vi. iii, Leather girdles studded with copper nails. 1845G. Dodd Brit. Manuf. Ser. iv. 105 From the designs the barrels are studded and thus made ready for the loom. 1891Leeds Mercury 27 Apr. 4/7 The..sleeves studded thickly over with tiny glittering silver sequins.
3. To set (a surface) with a number of protuberant or conspicuous objects. Also with over.
1790W. Wrighte Grotesque Archit. 6 The outside to be composed of..irregular stones, and studded with small pebbles. 1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) IV. 300 [Agaricus glandulosus] Gills white, their sides studded with globular glands. 1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View U.S. 71 The summit is..thickly studded with trees. 1835Dickens Sk. Boz, River, The river is studded with boats of all sorts, kinds, and descriptions. 1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xiv. 161 The chest, arms and hands studded with florid maculæ. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre i, The coast of Norway, studded with isles from its southern extremity..to the North Cape. 1861Reade Cloister & H. vii. (1896) 23 The windows and balconies were studded with wondering faces. 1877Huxley Physiogr. 104 Mount Etna is remarkable for having its flanks studded with parasitic cones. 1885Law Times' Rep. LIII. 385/1 The line of country through which they were going was studded with buildings and manufactories. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 1012 Both lungs were studded with tubercle.
b. rarely in immaterial sense.
1849Miss Mulock Ogilvies xvii, Pennythorne's conversation was studded with execrable jokes. 1874J. S. Blackie Self-Cult. 83 The method of teaching by concrete examples, with which the Scriptures are so richly studded.
4. Of things:
a. To be fixed in (a surface) in the manner of studs.
b. To be placed at intervals over (a surface).
1652Benlowes Theoph. vii. xix, The stars..That stud the luminated sphere. 1682N. O. Boileau's Lutrin i. 5 Her rich Face sparkling Rubies studded over. 1697Dryden æneis iii. 175 We pass the scatter'd Isles of Cyclades; That, scarce distinguish'd, seem to stud the Seas. a1763Shenstone Odes etc. (1765) 282 As when a shepherd..surveys his less'ning flock In snowy groups diffusive, stud the vale. 1836W. Irving Astoria I. 15 This..system of internal seas..was studded by the remote posts of the company. 1845Gosse Ocean iv. (1849) 178 Of all the constellations that stud the sky of the southern hemisphere, there is none that more strikes a stranger than the Southern Cross. 1854Surtees Handley Cr. x. (1901) I. 84 After passing the long line of villas that stud the road in the Mount Sion direction. 1906Cornford Defenceless Isl. 71 Coaling-stations stud the ocean highways of the world. 1911G. Elliot Smith Anc. Egyptians vi. 91 The Arab, having little or no moustache, removed the few hairs that studded his upper lip.
5. To insert or place (a number of things) at intervals over a surface.
1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. i. (1858) 99 The little shrubs, which had more or less sprinkled the whole 'Arabah, were more thickly studded. 1881‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette iv, The stars are thickly studded in the dim deep blue of the sky. 1895Scott. Antiquary X. 79 Around the firesides of the cottages, which were studded over the moor.
6. Mech. To secure with studs.
1911Webster.
▪ IV. stud
obs. pa. tense of stand v. |