| 释义 |
▪ I. strum, n.1 Obs. exc. dial. and Naut.|strʌm|
Forms: α. 4, 7, 9 strom, 7 stroam(e, 8 strawm, 8–9 stroom. β. 5 strumme, 8–9 strum. γ. 9 strung, strun.
[Of obscure origin.]
1. Brewing. An oblong basket of wicker work placed over the bung-hole within the mash-tub to prevent the grains and hops passing through when the liquor is drawn off.
1394–5in Cartul. Abb. Whiteby (Surtees) 606 It. pro strom pro le brewhous, iiii d. 1483Cath. Angl. 369/2 A Strumme, qualus, statrum. 1615Markham Eng. Housew. v. 121 Pluck vp your mashing stroame, and let the first liquour runne gently from the mault. 1674Ray N.C. Words 47 A Strom: the instrument to keep the malt in the Fat. 1796W. H. Marshall Yorksh. (ed. 2) II. 348 Strum; the hose used in brewing &c. to keep the tap free. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss., Stroom, a wicker malt-strainer, used in brewing. 1865W. S. Banks Wakefield Words, Strum or Strun. 1866J. E. Brogden Prov. Lincs., Strung.
2. a. Mining. A kind of iron sieve placed round the suction-pipe of a pump to prevent obstruction.
1849Greenwell Coal-trade Terms Northumb. & Durh. (1851) 53 Strum. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 245 Strum. 1887Times 9 Apr. 4/1 Some refuse..choking up the strum of the pipes leading to the pumps.
b. Naut. (See quots.) Also strum-box, strum-plate.
1894H. Paasch From Keel to Truck (ed. 2) 172/1 Strainer; strum; strum-box, terms applied to perforated plates, wire-clothes or any other objects fitted to allow the entry or exit of water or other fluids, but preventing the passing of any refuse matter. 1948R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 739/2 Strum plate, a plate fitted in pump suctions, deck scuppers, sea cocks, having a number of small holes in it to allow water to pass, but designed to stop foreign matter that would clog the piping. 1962A. G. Course Dict. Naut. Terms 192 Strum box, a square metal box with perforated sides fitted round the bottom of a suction pipe in a ship's bilges. 1975B.S.I. News July 21/2 Strum boxes for ships.
▪ II. strum, n.2|strʌm|
[Abbreviated form of strumpet.]
A strumpet, prostitute.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew s.v. Strum, Rum-strum,..a handsom Wench, or Strumpet. 1710C. Shadwell Fair Quaker Deal i. i. 2 The Whores you left here about ten Months since are Dead with Rottenness, and young Strums supply their Rooms. 1765Meretriciad (ed. 6) 17 The awful Theatre of late's become A mere receptacle for ev'ry Strum. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Strum, a battered prostitute.
▪ III. † strum, n.3 slang. Obs.
A periwig.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Strum, a Periwig. Rum-strum, a long Wig. 1785Grose Dict. Vulgar Tongue.
▪ IV. † strum, n.4 Obs. rare—1.
[? Confusion of thrum n.2 and string n.]
(Sense not clear: see quot.)
1725Bradley's Family Dict. s.v. Catkin, Catkins, the Male Blossoms of Nut-bearing..Trees, &c...; in the Hazel they are long Strums, composed of very small Flowers.
▪ V. strum, n.5 Sc.|strʌm|
[Cf. strunt n.2]
A fit of ill-humour; esp. in phr. to take the strum or strums.
1788J. Macaulay Poems 185 (E.D.D.) The petty lads hae ta'en the strum, Because we winna let them come. 1818S. E. Ferrier Marriage xxxv, Ye're..ay ready to tak the strums, an' ye dinna get a' thing yere ain wye.
Hence strum v. intr., ‘to be in a pettish humour’ (Jam.).
1804W. Tarras Poems 132 (Jam.) Sinkin wi' care we aften fag, Strummin' about a gill we're lag, Syne drowsy hum. Ibid. Gloss., Strumming, glooming, looking sour.
▪ VI. strum, n.6|strʌm|
[f. strum v.]
The action of strumming or playing noisily and monotonously on a musical instrument.
c1793Burns Epist. Esopus 51 Who christened thus Maria's lyre divine The idiot strum of vanity bemused..? 1840Marryat Olla Podr. III. 143 There were four young ladies who were learning music. We now had our annoyance: it was strum, strum, all day long. 1845Eliza Cook Poems Ser. ii. Poem of Househ. iii, There's more mirth in the jig and the amateur's strum, When the parchment-spread battledore serves as a drum.
▪ VII. strum, n.7 Mining. Sc.|strʌm|
[Of obscure origin.]
(See quots.)
1880J. Nicol Poems & Songs 75 They [sc. the miners] come To their daily task With powder flask And tinder, straw, and strum. 1886J. Barrowman Sc. Mining Terms 65 Strum, safety fuse. 1895N.B. Daily Mail 13 Nov. 5 The explosion..is supposed to have been caused by some careless miner leaving a ball of ‘strum,’ an explosive material used by them in the pits, in the vicinity of the fire. 1911Daily News 3 Apr. 5 A piece of miners' ‘strum’ for blasting operations was also found.
▪ VIII. strum, v.|strʌm|
[Echoic: cf. thrum v.3]
1. trans. To play on (a stringed instrument) carelessly or unskilfully; to produce (notes, a tune, etc.) by such playing. Also with out, over.
Ash's explanation (quot. 1775) is badly expressed, and perh. implies a misunderstanding.
1775Ash Suppl., Strum (v.t. a droll word), tuned as a stringed instrument in a clumsy manner. 1784New Spectator No. xviii. 1 She has received what is called a genteel education, that is, she can strum a tune on a guitar, [etc.]. 1802Mrs. Radcliffe Gaston de Blondeville Posth. Wks. (1826) I. 86 Her mynstrells of music..began to blow upon their pipes, and to strum their stringed instruments with most sweet noise. 1845Ford Handbk. Spain i. 30 In due time songs are sung, a guitar is strummed. 1850Thackeray Pendennis iv, Laura..had been strumming her music lessons for hours before. 1894Hall Caine Manxman ii. 53 He was sitting at the piano strumming a music-hall ditty. 1896A. Morrison Adv. Martin Hewitt Ser. iii. 10, I turned to my little pianette and strummed over the notes, making my own time. Ibid. 28 He had got musicians to strum out the notes on all sorts of instruments. 1906Temple Bar Jan. 76 The mate..sits on the booby hatch, and strums his banjo to the stars.
2. intr. To play carelessly or unskilfully on a stringed instrument. Also with away, on. Said also of an instrument: To sound when strummed upon.
1785Grose Dict. Vulgar T., Strum,..to play badly on the harpsichord, or any other stringed instrument. c1793Burns Monody on Lady 18 Here Vanity strums on her idiot lyre. 1840Lady C. Bury Hist. of Flirt xii, Thelwal would strum away on the guitar. 1849Lytton K. Arthur viii. lxxv, Fifes, viols, trumpets braying, screaming, strumming, Flatter his ears, and compliment his coming. 1875Browning Aristoph. Apol. 186 You have been fouling that redoubtable Harp-player, twenty years, with what effect? Still he strums on, strums ever cheerily. 1914J. L. Paton J. B. Paton xii. 202 Physical exercises..went with more go when the teacher..strummed on the piano by way of accompaniment.
3. quasi-trans. with adverbial extension.
1777Sheridan Sch. Scandal ii. i. Plays (1902) 160 To..be stuck down to an old Spinet to strum your father to sleep after a Fox Chase. 1787Wolcot (P. Pindar) Ode upon Ode (ed. 7) 41 [He] to his tent majestic strode to strum, And scrape his anger out on tweedle-dum. 1847Anne Bronte Agnes Grey vii, The short half-hour of practising was horribly strummed through.
Hence strummed ppl. a.
1881H. James Portr. Lady xxi, Your conscience..will get out of tune, like a strummed piano. |