| 释义 |
▪ I. strife|straɪf|
Forms: 3–5 strif, stryf, 3–7 strive, 4 strijfe, 4–5 strijf, striif, 4–6 striff(e, stryff(e, stryve, 4–7 stryfe, 5–6 stryif(f, 6 strief, Sc. strywe, 4– strife. Pl. 4–6 stryves (4–5 -is, -ys), 4–7 strives; 4 strifs, 5 stryfs, 4–5 stryfes, -ys, strifis, 6– strifes.
[a. OF. estrif, related to estriver: see strive v.]
1. a. The action of striving together or contending in opposition; a condition of antagonism, enmity, or discord; contention, dispute.
a1225Ancr. R. 200 Þe uormest is Cheaste, oðer Strif. c1250Gen. & Ex. 373 Nið, and strif, and ate, and san, Sal ben bitwen neddre and wimman. a1300Cursor M. 28196 Wit flitt, wit brixil, striue and strut. c1350Leg. Rood iii. 838 A fell woman and full of strife. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 74 They desired nothing but stryf & debate. 1535Coverdale Ps. liv. 9 For I se vnrightuousnes & strife in y⊇ cite. 1546J. Heywood Prov. ii. ii. (1867) 47 The diuell hath cast a bone..to set stryfe Betweene you. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. iii. i. 263 Domesticke Fury, and fierce Ciuill strife. 1692Prior Ode Imit. Hor. viii, When bound in double Chains poor Belgia lay, To foreign Arms, and inward Strife a Prey. 1750Gray Elegy 73 Far from the madding crowd's ignoble strife. 1867Smiles Huguenots Eng. vi. (1880) 90 The unemployed sought to remove to some foreign country less disturbed by party strife.
b. An act or instance of contention or antagonism; a contest or conflict, a quarrel or dispute.
a1225Leg. Kath. 735 Comen alle strikinde..for to heren þis strif. a1300Cursor M. 18568 Þan bigan a neu strif Son bituix þam and min kynghtes. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 218 Suche divisioun is cause of bateilis and strives among men. 1474Caxton Cheese iv. iv. (1883) 173 To appese alle stryues and contencions. 1484― Fables of Alfonce iv, They fylle in a grete dyfferent or stryf. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 111 Strifes increased in the land euery where. 1570Levins Manip. 152/31 A striue, certamen. 1600Fairfax Tasso i. xxx, These striues..And discords. 1671Trenchfield Cap Gray Hairs (1688) 43 He that blows the Coals in other strifes, shall be sure to have the sparks fly in his mouth. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 217 The counsels of the elders of the tribe..arrested the strife upon the eve of its occurrence. 1846Sumner Scholar, Jurist, etc. 69 With⁓drawing from the strifes of the world. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 259 His simple and noble thoughts..soon degenerated into a mere strife of words.
c. transf. and fig. Now rare.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxi. (1495) 142 Also it happeth that..wynde is gadred and closed wythin the smalle skynnes of the rybbes and by the stryf therof is brede sore pryckynge and ache. c1400Destr. Troy 10105 Pollexene the pert with hir pure loue..stoppet the strif of his strong hert. c1491Chast. Goddes Chyld. 12 That is somtime for a stryfe betwene the spirite and the flesshe. 1773Johnson (ed. 4), Strife..4. Natural contrariety; as, the strife of acid and alkaly. 1797–1809Coleridge Three Graves iii. 378 He reach'd his home, and by his looks They saw his inward strife. 1822Byron Heaven & Earth iii, While safe amidst the elemental strife, Thou sitt'st within thy guarded ark! 1826Hood Mermaid of Margate 69 And whilst he stood, the watery strife Encroach'd on every hand. 1901Macm. Mag. Apr. 450/2 The north wind blew up the crests of the waves in the race as when we were in the strife of it.
d. A subject of contention. rare.
1535Coverdale Ps. lxxix. [lxxx.] 6 Thou hast made vs a very strife vnto our neghbours. 1662H. Newcome Diary (Chetham Soc.) 118 But I have ever yet beene made the strife of tongues. [Cf. Ps. xxxi. 20 (1535 Coverdale and 1611).] 1738Wesley Psalms lxxx. vii, A Strife we are to All around.
†e. occas. (for rime). Trouble, toil, pain, distress. Obs.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 268 Fro swinc, and sorwe, and deades strif. Ibid. 778 Ðe king ðholede sorȝes strif. 1390Gower Conf. III. 10 Mi joie is torned into strif. 1567Gude & Godlie Ball. (S.T.S.) 28 The flesche man die, with paine and striue.
f. Austral. colloq. Trouble, disgrace, difficulties. Freq. in phr. in strife.
1963A. Lubbock Austral. Roundabout 45 ‘By cripes!’ said the landlord, ‘I bet you was in strife after that.’ 1966Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 9 Jan. 2/2 He's having trouble with his irrigation. His sudax is coming along all right but he's often in strife priming his pump. 1966P. Mathers Trap 15, I reckon she needs..a bloody flogging... She'll get us all in strife, he finished. 1969‘A. Garve’ Boomerang iv. 147 ‘Keep close on my tail,’ he called. ‘If you get in any strife, bang on your horn.’
2. Phr.
†a. in strife: in a state of discord or contention. Obs. (See also sense 1 f.)
a1300Cursor M. 14544 Þir Iues þat him hild in strijf, Þai hatted na man mare on lijf. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xviii. (1495) 204 A good lorde..acordyth theym that ben in stryffe. c1470Henry Wallace i. 194 For he with thaim hapnyt richt offt in stryff. 1544Betham Precepts War i. cxxxii. G v b, And chefely when thy kingdom is in stryfe. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. v. i. 228 If I should as Lion come in strife Into this place.
b. at strife: at variance. † Also, at a strife.
c1470Henry Wallace i. 237 The ȝong captane has fallyn with me at stryff. 1508Dunbar Poems v. 25 Scho..held Sanct Petir at stryfe. 1579–80North Plutarch, Romulus (1595) 25 Romulus and Remus..fell sodainely at a strife together about the place where the citie should be builded. 1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, i. ii. 4 Why how now Sonnes, and Brother, at a strife? 1670Dryden Tyr. Love v. i. 52 My lab'ring thoughts are with themselves at strife. 1746P. Francis tr. Horace, Ep. i. i. 141 If my judgment, with itself at strife, Should contradict my general course of life. 1861Pattison Ess. (1889) I. 34 The crown of England, always at strife, and often at open war, with its own barons. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 35 Why are right and wrong at strife?
†c. without strife: without demur; without doubt, indisputably, unquestionably. Sometimes app. a mere tag, for rime. Also, thereof no strife: that is not disputed. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6417, & wan Edmond made is eir of is lond wiþoute striue. a1300K. Horn 407 ‘Horn’, heo sede, ‘wiþute strif Þu schalt haue me to þi wif’. a1300Cursor M. 4622 ‘Do wai,’ he said, ‘þer-of na strif.’ c1380Sir Ferumb. 1892 Noþeles woldy of þe fayn wyte wyþ-oute strif, Wat maner man ys Charlemayn. 1375in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 124/2 And bad hem boþe wiþoute stryf Naȝt eten of þe tre of lyf. c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 6831 Alceste..ches to goon vn-to hir grave Wilfully, without[e] stryve.
†d. by strife or with strife: by force or violence. Obs.
c1330Arth. & Merl. 6493 What bi loue & what bi striif, He forlay þe stewardes wiif. c1400Destr. Troy 174 And wo this wethur shuld wyn bude wirke as I say, Ayre euyn to þe Oxen, entre hom in yoke, With striffe or with stroke till þai stonde wolde.
†e. to have strife, hold strife, make strife, take strife: to contend, quarrel (with). Obs.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. i. pr. iv. (1886) 9, I took stryf [L. certamen suscepi] ayeins the prouost of the pretorie for comune profit. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxvi. (Baptist) 721 Cese, þare-for, & hald na strife. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 595 For which he tok with rome & Cesar stryf. c1400Rule St. Benet (Verse) 650 And mak no strif with old no ȝing. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas viii. i. (1558) 2 b, The tyraunt Decius agayn them toke a stryfe. a1450Knt. de la Tour xiv. 20 Faire doughters, kepe you that ye take no striff with no comberous folke. c1600Shakes. Sonn. lxxv. 3 And for the peace of you I hold such strife, As twixt a miser and his wealth is found.
f. to make strife: to cause dissension.
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1192 Take no wyfe For to make betwyxe ȝou stryfe. c1400Mandeville (1839) ii. 11 Thei seyd, that he made Discord and Strif amonges hem. 1822Byron Heaven & Earth iii, Get thee hence, son of Noah; thou makest strife.
3. Competition, emulation; an effort or exertion of rivalry, a contest of emulation. † to make strife: to contend or compete (for). † by strifes: in emulation or rivalry.
1530Palsgr. 277/1 Stryfe bytwene two, brigue. Ibid. 277/2 Stryfe who shall do best, estriue a lestriuee. Ibid. 630/1, I make stryfe to gette an offyce that gothe by election, je brigue. 1556T. Hoby Castiglione's Courtyer (1561) Ep. Transl. A iiij, With an honest strife of matching others. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. 291 His Art with Natures workmanship at strife, As if the dead the liuing should exceed. 1593― Lucr. 1791 Then sonne and father weep with equall strife, Who shuld weep most for daughter or for wife. 1623B. Jonson in Shaks. Wks. To Rdr., Wherein the Grauer had a strife with Nature, to out-doo the life. 1630R. N. Camden's Hist. Eliz. i. 56 The wealthier Inhabitants also of the Sea-coasts..built them ships of warre by striues who should exceede. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. vii. 23 Great was the strife betwixt the Singing Swains. 1709J. Johnson Clergym. Vade-M. ii. p. cx, In those Ages, when..the Laity did as it were by strifes run into Monasteries. a1710Congreve To Earl Godolphin 105 Thus Gods contended, (noble Strife! Worthy the heavnly Mind) Who most should do to soften anxious Life. 1836Thirlwall Greece xv. II. 305 Let us still be rivals: but let our strife be, which can best serve our country.
4. The act of striving; strong effort. rare.
1601Shakes. All's Well v. iii. 338 Which we will pay, With strife to please you, day exceeding day. 1603― Meas. for M. iii. ii. 246 One, that aboue all other strifes, Contended especially to know himselfe. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 136 We know what strife a man useth in his trade, who hath no inward principle of skill to enable him. 1687tr. Sallust (1692) To Rdr., As if these Mystic Authors made it their strife to imitate Nature. 1827Keble Chr. Yr., 2nd Sund. Advent vi, Be your strife To lead on earth an Angel's life.
5. attrib. and Comb., as strife-fellow, † strife-race; objective, as strife-maker, strife-monger; strife-hatching, strife-stirring, strife-torn ppl. adjs.; strife-weary adj.
1875Morris æn. v. 108 But some were dight amid the games their strife-fellows to be. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iv. Columnes 32 Men's strife-hatching, haut ambition. 1552Huloet, Stryfe maker, litistonsor, rixosus, contumeliosus. 1909Edin. Rev. Oct. 466 The solemn warning to strife-mongers with which he concludes. 1647Trapp Comm., Heb. xii. 1 ἀγῶνα... The strife-race, for we must run, and fight as we run, strive also to outstrip our fellow-racers. 1591Sylvester Ivry 315 Our strife-stirring Quils. 1972R. D. Walshe in G. W. Turner Good Austral. Eng. xi. 227 The ego ceases to be a shifting strife-torn no-man's-land between the armies of the id and the superego. 1983Times 30 Mar. 7/2 She flies there today on her third tour of the strife-torn Brahmaputra valley state in the past 10 weeks. 1949Koestler Promise & Fulfilment iii. i. 302 Millions of war-worn, strife-weary people longing to find peace.
▪ II. strife
obs. form of strive v. |