| 释义 |
▪ I. diapason, n.|daɪəˈpeɪzən, -sən|
Also 4–5 dyapason(e, 6 dio-, dyopason, 7 diapazon.
[a. L. diapāsōn, a. Gr. διαπᾱσῶν, or divisim διὰ πασῶν (sc. χορδῶν), more fully ἡ διὰ πασῶν χορδῶν συµϕωνία, the concord through, or at the interval of, all the notes of the scale, f. διά through + πασῶν, genit. pl. fem. of πᾶς all. Cf. ἡ διὰ τεσσάρων the interval of a fourth, ἡ διὰ πέντε of a fifth, etc. Cf. also F. diapason (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), whence, in 16–17th c., accented by poets diˈapason, but already before 1600 with stress on penult.]
†1.
a. The interval of an octave; the consonance of the highest and lowest notes of the musical scale.
Spoken of by early musicians as ‘a Consonance of eight sounds and seuen Interuals’ (Dowland) in reference to the intermediate notes of the diatonic scale: cf. sense 3.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. cxxvi. (1495) 926 Musyk hath names of nombres as it faryth in Dyatesseron Dyapente and in Dyapasone and in other Consonanciis and accordes. 1413[see diapente 1]. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xvi. ii, The lady excellent, Played on base organs expedient, Accordyng well unto dyopason, Dyapenthe, and eke dyetesseron. 1629Bacon Sylva §183 It discovereth the true Co⁓incidence of Tones into Diapasons, which is the return of the same Sound. 1787Hawkins Johnson 376 note, Answering to the unison, the diapente, the diatessaron, and the diapason, the sweetest concords in musick.
†b. In ancient music, in names of compound intervals, as diapason-diapente, an octave and a fifth, a twelfth: so diapason-diatessaron, diapason-ditone, etc.; cf. Chambers Cycl. (1727–51) s.v.[1694Holder Treat. Harmony v. (1731) 84 These are the mean Rations comprehended in the Ration of 6 to 2, by which Diapason cum Diapente, or a 12th, is divided into the aforesaid Intervals.] 1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., The diapason-diapente is a symphony made when the voice proceeds from the 1st to the 12th tone. The word is properly a term in the Greek music: we should now call it a twelfth. [1880Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms, Diapason cum diapente, the interval of a 12th. Diapason cum diatessaron, the interval of an 11th.] †c. A part in music that produces such a consonance; an air or bass sounding in exact concord, i.e. in octaves. Chiefly fig. Obs.
1593Shakes. Lucr. 1132 So I at each sad strain will strain a tear, And with deep groans the diapason bear. 1740Dyer Ruins Rome 355 While winds and tempests sweep his various lyre How sweet thy diapason. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles i. i, The diapason of the Deep. 1844Longfellow Arsenal at Springfield vii, I hear..in tones of thunder the diapason of the cannonade.
†2. fig. Complete concord, harmony, or agreement. Obs.
1591Greene Maidens Dreame xxiii, Her sorrows and her tears did well accord; Their diapason was in self-same cord. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. iii. i. ii. iii, A true correspondence, perfect amity, a diapason of vows and wishes..as between David and Jonathan. 1630Milton At a Solemn Music 23 Their great Lord, whose love their motion swayed In perfect diapason. 1647H. More Song of Soul i. i. lvi, In her there's tun'd a just Diapason. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) I. 343 Contentment..tunes the Diapason of our souls.
3. More or less vaguely extended, with the idea of ‘all the tones or notes’, to:
a. The combination of parts or notes in a harmonious whole, properly in concord.
b. A melodious succession of notes, a melody, a strain; now esp. a swelling sound, as of a grand burst of harmony: perhaps in this sense also associated with the organ-stop (sense 7).
c. The whole range of tones or notes in the scale; the compass of a voice or instrument.
a.1501Douglas Pal. Hon. i. xli, Fresche ladyis sang..Concordis sweit, divers entoned reportis..Diapason of many sindrie sortis. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 387 In Musicke there are many discords, before there can be framed a Diapason. 1601Holland Pliny I. 14 Thus are composed seuen tunes; which harmonie they call Diapason, that is to say, the Generalitie, or whole state of consent and concord, which is perfect musicke. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Diapason, a Concord in Musicke of all parts. 1878H. M. Stanley Dark Cont. II. vii. 197 A deep and melodious diapason of musical voices chanting the farewell song.
b.1599Marston Sco. Villanie iii. xi. 228 When some pleasing Diapason flies From out the belly of a sweete touched Lute. 1646Crashaw Music's Duel Poems 92 A full-mouth'd diapason swallows all. 1776Sir J. Hawkins Hist. Music IV. i. x. 148 When all the stops are drawn, and the registers open..we hear that full and complete harmony..which..is what the ancient writers mean to express by the term Diapason. 1804J. Grahame Sabbath 66 The organ..swells into a diapason full. 1860C. Sangster Into the Silent Land 139 Tune the lyre To diapasons worthy of the theme. 1880Ouida Moths II. 263 His voice, is rising in its wonderful diapason clearer and clearer.
c.1687Dryden St. Cecilia's Day 15 From Harmony to Harmony Through all the compass of the Notes it ran, The Diapason closing full in Man. 1748Thomson Cast. Indol. i. xli, Who up the lofty diapason [of an Aeolian harp] roll Such sweet, such sad, such solemn airs divine? c1800K. White To my Lyre iii, No hand, thy diapason o'er, Well skilled, I throw with sweep sublime. 1806Moore Vis. Philos. 27 To him who traced upon his typic lyre The diapason of man's mingled frame.
4. transf. and fig.
a. A rich, full, deep outburst of sound.
1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 82 The Diapason of thy threates. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden 115 By your leaue they said vnto him (in a thundring yeoman vshers diapason). 1840Barham Ingol. Leg., St. Nicholas, Full many an Aldermanic nose Rolled its loud diapason after dinner.
b. Entire compass, range, reach, scope.
1851Helps Comp. Solit. viii. (1874) 141 In marriage the whole diapason of joy and sorrow is sounded. 1888Daily News 23 Apr. 6/4 Those who run up to the topmost note of the diapason of dress. 1893Ibid. 9 June 5/8 Not..above the diapason of this Protectionist Chamber of Deputies.
5. A rule or scale employed by makers of musical instruments in tuning.
1727–51Chambers Cycl., Diapason, among musical instrument-makers, is a kind of rule, or scale, whereby they adjust the pipes of their organs, and cut the holes of their flutes..There is a particular kind of diapason for trumpets..there is another for sackbuts and serpents..The bell-founders have likewise a diapason, or scale. 1828in Webster.
6. A fixed standard of musical pitch; as in Fr. diapason normal. Also fig.
1875Hamerton Intell. Life x. v. 392 Tuning his whole mind to the given diapason, as a tuner tunes a piano. 1876tr. Blaserna's Theory Sound iv. 70 An international commission fixed as the normal pitch (usually called the diapason normal) a tuning fork giving 435 vibrations per second.
7. The name of the two principal foundation-stops in an organ, the Open Diapason, and the Closed Diapason or Stopped Diapason, so called because they extend through the whole compass of the instrument; also the name of other stops, e.g. Violin Diapason.
1519Organ Specif. Barking in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 588/1 Diapason, containing length of x foot or more. 1613Organ Specif. Worcester Cathedral, 2 open diapasons of mettall CC faut, a pipe of 10 foot long. 1791Huddesford Salmag. 12 When the vast Organ's breathing frame Echoes the voice of loud acclaim, And the deep diapason's sound Thunders the vaulted iles around. 1876J. Hiles Catech. Organ ix. (1878) 67 Violin Diapason, a..manual stop, with a crisp, pungent tone, very like that of the Gamba. 1880E. J. Hopkins in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 597/1 The second Open Diapason has..stopped pipes and ‘helpers’.
8. attrib.
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 37 In accordis of mesure of diapason prolations. 1613–16W. Browne Brit. Past. i. iv, And lastly, throwes His Period in a Diapazon Close. 1851A. A. Watts Evening ii, The echoes of its convent bell..With soft and diapason swell. 1880E. J. Hopkins in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 594/2 The larger open diapason pipes.
▪ II. † diaˈpason, v. Obs.
[f. prec. n.]
1. To resound sonorously. (intr. and trans.)
1608Heywood Rape Lucrece i. i, What diapasons more in Tarquins name Than in a subjects? 1611― Golden Age iii. Wks. 1874 III. 48 Th' amazed sounds Of martiall thunder (Diapason'd deep).
2. intr. To maintain accord with.
1617Wither Fidelia Juvenilia (1633) 479 In their chime, Their motions Diapason with the time. |