| 释义 |
acetyl Chem.|ˈæsɪtɪl|
[f. acetic) + Gr. ὕλη substance, stuff: see -yle. Hence ‘radical of the acetic series’.]
a. A monatomic organic radical C2H3O, the oxidized radical of the dicarbon series, and the basis of the acetic series.
1864Athenæum No. 1937. 788/3 The ethylate of acetyl. 1873Williamson Chem. §281 Acetic acid is a molecule of water in which the two atoms of hydrogen are replaced by two atoms of acetyl. 1880E. Cleminshaw Wurtz's Atomic Theory 277 Acetyl is ethyl modified by substitution.
b. Also attrib. and in Comb., as acetyl-cellulose, acetyl chloride (also acetic, acetylic chloride), acetyl-orthoamidobenzoic acid, acetyl peroxide, acetyl-salicylic acid, acetyl silk.
1879Watts Dict. Chem. VI. (Suppl.). 418 *Acetyl⁓cellulose. 1915P. E. Spielmann tr. von Richter's Org. Chem. I. 665 Acetyl Cellulose is formed by the action of glacial acetic acid..and a small quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid..on cellulose.
1880Athenæum 13 Nov. 645/2 The following papers were read: On *Acetylorthoamidobenzoic Acid. 1877Watts Fownes' Chem. II. 286 *Acetyl peroxide (C2H3O)2O2 is a viscid liquid, which explodes with violence when heated, and acts as a powerful oxidizing agent.
1897Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXII. i. 531 *Acetyl salicylic acid..is obtained by adding small quantities of ferric chloride (100 grams) to a mixture of salicylic acid (80 grams) and acetic chloride. 1899Acetylsalicylic acid [see aspirin].
1921Jrnl. Soc. Dyers & Colourists XXXVII. 294 Possibly dyed *Acetyl Silk yarn could be used for weaving with cotton.
Add:[b.] acetyl CoA [abbrev.] = *acetyl coenzyme A below.
1951Biol. Rev. XXVI. 438 Adenosinediphosphate + acetyl CoA + orthophosphate. 1974Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. 3205 It would be of considerable advantage if acetyl CoA were readily available for study in itself and as a substrate. 1990EMBO Jrnl. IX. 2444/1 The inactivation of HMG-CoA reductase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase.
acetyl coenzyme A, the acetyl ester of coenzyme A, involved as an acetylating agent in various biochemical processes.
1952Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXXIV. 3205 The separation of acetyl coenzyme A (CoA) from respiring yeast. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. vii. 127 Choline acetyltransferase..mediates the transfer of an acetyl group from acetyl coenzyme A to choline. 1988BioFactors I. iv. 267/1 Ten years ago Stewart and Wieland (1978) synthesized acetonyldethia-coenzyme A (acetyl-CH 2 CoA), i.e. an analogue of acetyl-coenzyme A in which the sulphur has been replaced by methylene. |