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▪ I. stratify, v.1|ˈstrætɪfaɪ|
[ad. F. stratifier, ad. mod.L. strātificāre, f. strātum: see stratum and -fy.]
1. a. trans. ‘To range in beds or layers’ (J.); spec. in Metallurgy, to range in alternate layers (metals and reagent substances) in a crucible.
1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 193 Crowfish..may be put into barrels, having myrtle leaves stratified. 1669Rowland Schroder's Chym. Disp. i. xiv. 21 To Stratify,..is when Minerals are laid with Powders, Layer upon Layer, first Powder, then Plates of Metals; then Powder, to the end. 1670W. Simpson Hydrol. Ess. 6 Artificial vitriol..made by a cementation of plates of copper stratified with common salt and sulphur. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey) s.v., To Stratify Gold and Cement..is to lay a Bed of Paste call'd Cement, then a Plate of Gold, then another Layer of Cement, then another Plate of Gold; and so on, till the Crucible be full. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 185 Stratify thin plates of brass in an earthen pipkin with powdered sulphur and antimony. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 340 The iron..must be put into..a cementing pot, and stratified with powdered charcoal. 1826W. C. Ottley Dict. Chem. & Min. Introd. Vocab., Stratify, to cause two or more bodies to act upon each other by placing them in any vessel in alternate layers. 1845Dodd Brit. Manuf. Ser. v. 184 The hide is then transferred to a pit containing stronger ooze, or else is stratified with crushed bark. 1853A. Soyer Pantroph. 240 They..wash them [sc. anchovies] in soft or salt water, and stratify them in barrels with salt. 1855J. Scoffern in Orr's Circ. Sci., Elem. Chem. 438 Bars of wrought iron are stratified with charcoal.
†b. In pass.: to be placed in alternate layers with something else. Obs.
1789Mills in Phil. Trans. LXXX. 83 The gneiss..is in ribs from two to twelve inches thick, and is stratified by intermediate ribs of red granite of about an inch thick. 1789E. Darwin Bot. Gard. i. (1791) 38 notes, Iron is found..stratified with clay coals or argillaceous grits. 1829Good's Study Med. (ed. 3) I. 616 We find the hydatids..sometimes stratified with layers of albuminous and friable matter.
c. To preserve or promote the germination of (seeds) by stratification.
1905Terms Forestry & Logging (U.S. Dept. Agric., Bureau of Forestry) 23 Stratify, to preserve tree seeds by spreading them in layers alternating with layers of earth or sand. 1916J. W. Toumey Seeding & Planting vii. 104 Some of the pines and junipers germinate so slowly that the seed is usually stratified for a year before sowing. 1949Q. Jrnl. Forestry XLIII. 169 The seed is stratified in wet sand for six weeks before sowing at a temperture of 34° F. 1960New Scientist 12 May 1210/3 When seeds of certain shrubs or trees are stratified—stored in moist sand at 41° F. to break their dormancy—the amount of moisture in the sand may markedly influence the percentage germination subsequently achieved.
2. a. Geol. Of natural agencies: To deposit (rocks) in strata or beds; to produce (a portion of the earth's crust) in the form of strata; to form strata in. Chiefly in pass.
1794R. J. Sulivan View Nat. I. 49 They contain..other vestiges of organic substances; and are always stratified. 1805Jameson Min. Descr. Dumfries 94 An extensive quarry, where a great rock mass of limestone is exposed: it is distinctly stratified. 1821T. Dwight Trav. II. 480 A vast mass of blue limestone, horizontally stratified. 1862Dana Man. Geol. 554 While the glaciers were disappearing, many a stream or lake would have existed to stratify the drift. 1863Lyell Antiq. Man 37 If the mud pierced through had been thrown down by the river in ancient channels, it would have been stratified. 1867― Princ. Geol. ii. xxiv. (1875) I. 617 Composed chiefly of indurated Tufa like Monte Nuovo, stratified conformably to its conical surface. 1878A. H. Green, etc. Coal i. 6 Both sandstones and shales are divided into layers or beds, and are said to be stratified.
b. transf. and fig.
1851Mrs. Browning Casa Guidi Wind. i. 631 Good lovers of our age to track and plough Their way to, through time's ordures stratified. 1872O. W. Holmes Poet Breakf.-t. ii. 67 Society stratifies itself everywhere. 1897Bp. Creighton in Daily News 22 Jan. 6/5 Its methods had been found effective in a younger country less stratified than our own. 1900Pilot 28 Apr. 256/2 The mound from its great height must represent a series of stratified ruins. 1912J. L. Myres Dawn of Hist. viii. 168 This style [of pottery] was found in the important because well-stratified site at Phylakopi.
c. Statistics. To subdivide (a population) into groups in order to take a stratified sample. Also absol.
1949F. Yates Sampling Methods for Censuses & Surveys iii. 25 A population may be stratified for two or more different characteristics... Thus we may stratify farms according to size and according to geographical regions. 1966Rep. Comm. Inquiry Univ. Oxf. II. 420 It was possible to stratify by college and proposed subject. Ibid. 424 The names under Social Studies were further stratified according to college thus: Nuffield, St. Antony's, and others. 1967G. Wills in Wills & Yearsley Handbk. Management Technol. 187 In most cases..the statistician can..stratify the list of 27,000 names [of shops] in terms of the region of the country they are in, [etc.]. 1970J. E. Freund Statistics xi. 285 Stratified sampling..can be very effective provided one stratifies with respect to truly relevant characteristics of the population.
3. intr. To assume the form of strata. Also, to become stratified.
1856T. B. Butler Philos. Weather i. 13 (Funk) Currents of air do not mingle but stratify. 1935P. S. Welch Limnology iii. 15 Criteria which would make a lake include only those bodies of standing water which are of considerable expanse and which are deep enough to stratify thermally. 1980R. S. K. Barnes in Barnes & Mann Fund. Aquatic Ecosystems i. 14 Water bodies stratify when stable density differences are generated, often as a result of surface heating.
Hence ˈstratifying vbl. n.
1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Stratification, (in Chymistry) a stratifying or putting different Matters Bed upon Bed [etc.].
▪ II. ˈstratify, v.2 ? nonce-wd.
[f. L. strāta road (see street n.) + -ify.]
trans. To furnish with a system of roads.
1881C. Wordsworth Ch. Hist. I. ii. 15 The Greek Empire..had facilitated national intercourse by sea. The Roman Empire, by its great military roads, accelerated that intercourse by land. Greece and Rome navigated and stratified the world. |