| 释义 |
▪ I. despoil, n.|dɪˈspɔɪl|
[ME. a. OF. despoille, -pueille (= Pr. despuelha), verbal n. from despoillier: see next.]
1. The action of despoiling; plundering, robbery. arch.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 24 b/2 Stronge in his despoylle..wel armed in the batayll. a1530Wolsey to Hen. VIII (in Athenæum 12 Sept. 1840), My houses be,—by the over⁓sight, dispoil, and euill behaviour of such as I did trust,—in ruyn and decaye. 1590Greene Neuer too late (1600) 57 Thou hast had my despoyle. 1807Wordsw. White Doe vii. 18 'Tis done;—despoil and desolation O'er Rylstone's fair domain have blown.
†2. concr. Plunder, booty, spoil. Obs.
1474Caxton Chesse ii. iv. C vij, So shold the dispoyle and botye be comune vnto them. 1481― Godfrey 296 Euery man laden and charged with despoylles. 1552Huloet, Despoyle, spolium, tropheum. 1619Time's Storehouse 55 (L.) Hercules..covered with the despoyle of a lyon.
3. (See quot.)
1552Huloet, Despoyle, or place where mischiefe or robberye is done, dispoliabulum.
▪ II. despoil, v.|dɪˈspɔɪl|
Forms: 3–4 despuile(n, 3–7 despoile, -oyle, 6–7 despoyl, 6– despoil; also 4 des-, dispoyly, dispuile, -uyle, 4–5 dyspoyle, 4–7 dispoile, -oyle, 5 des-, dis-, dyspoille, -oylle, dispole, disspoylle, 6–7 dispoil; Sc. 4–5 dispulȝe, -puilȝe.
[ME. despuilen, -spoile-n, a. OF. despuillier, -oillier, -oiller (mod.F. dépouiller) = Pr. despolhar, Cat. despullar, Sp. despojar, It. dispogliare:—L. dēspoliāre to plunder, rob, despoil, f. de- I. 3 + spoliāre to strip of clothing, rob, spoil. Formerly spelt dis- by confusion with words in des- from dis- prefix.]
1. trans. To strip of possessions by violence; to plunder, rob, spoil:
a. a person.
1297R. Glouc. (1724) 212 Þe oþere after vaste, And slowe & despoylede, and to grounde hem caste. 1340Ayenb. 45 Þe uerste [zenne] is couaytise uor to wynne and uor to dispoyly his uelaȝe. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xiv. 58 Robbours and reuers þat riche men dispoilen. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop i. iv, The euylle hongry peple which..robben and despoillen the poure folke. 1529More Dyaloge i. Wks. 153/2 The Ebrues well dispoile the Egypcyens. 1795Southey Joan of Arc iii. 176 We are not yet So utterly despoil'd but we can spread The friendly board. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 36 To despoil those whom the Conqueror himself had spared.
b. a place; also transf. and fig.
1375Barbour Bruce xiii. 502 Qwhen the feld..Wes dispulȝeit, and left all bair. 1393Gower Conf. III. 371 Despuiled is the somer fare. c1400Mandeville (1839) x. 114 Oure Lord descended to Helle & despoyled it. 1601Weever Mirr. Mart. F ij, Enuie..Despoil's his name and robs him of his merits. 1840Dickens Barn. Rudge xvi, The coach..despoiled by highway-men. 1845Stephen Laws Eng. (1874) II. 219 Though guilty in general of waste, if he despoils the freehold. 1873Dixon Two Queens IV. xxii. viii. 215 Wolsey had set the fashion of despoiling and suppressing convents.
2. To strip or deprive (a person, etc.) violently of (some possession); to rob:
a. of arms, clothes, or something material; also transf.
c1300K. Alis. 4028 That he a knyght of Grece slowgh, And dispoyled him of his armes. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋591 He was despoyled of al that he hadde in this lyf, and that nas but his clothis. c1470Henry Wallace xi. 1396 Bot than he was dispuilȝeit off his weid. 1600Fairfax Tasso xiii. l. 244 An others hands Of these her plants the wood dispoilen shall. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1638) 309 Theeues..dispoiling him of his apparell. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. 450 Athalia being thus dispoyled of her Son. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 172 The Swedes, being..despoiled of the Isle of Usedon. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth v. (1723) 257 These formed Stones being by this Means despoil'd of their Shells. 1775Johnson Lett. to Mrs. Thrale 12 May, You talked of despoiling his book of the fine print. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. I. xvii. 440 The cities of Greece and Asia were despoiled of their most valuable ornaments. 1870Bryant Iliad I. iv. 132 He could not despoil The slain man of his armor.
b. of things immaterial; also fig.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xxxii. 145 We bene in peess, of þe whilk þou will now dispoile vs. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 212 b, We do not despoyle will of her libertye. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, ii. iii. 10 Despoyled of your Honor. 1667Milton P.L. ix. 411 Despoild of Innocence, of Faith, of Bliss. 1878B. Taylor Deukalion i. iii. 30 They..despoiled thy head Of separate honor.
†3. spec. To strip of clothes, to disrobe:
a. orig. as an act of violence, spoliation, or robbery. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 260 Vor steorc naked he was despuiled oðe rode. c1380Sir Ferumb. 3031 To Gy tok he þat cors: ‘Dispoille þis body’, þan gan he saye; ‘& arme þe on ys wede’. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 88 Take these frensshe men and despoyle them.
†b. without the notion of spoliation: To undress; to strip of armour, vestments, etc. Obs.
c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 860 Þer he watz dispoyled, wyth spechez of myerþe, Þe burn of his bruny, & of his bryȝt wedez. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 318 He had That wommen schuld despoilen hir right there. c1450Merlin 463 Thei made dispoile the quene to go to hir bedde. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. ccxlv. [ccxli.] 753 Before the aulter ther he was dispoyled out of all his vestures of estate. 1540Surrey Poems, Prisoner in Windsor 13 Despoiled for the game. 1561Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc iv. ii. (1847) 142 We..Dispoyled streight his brest, and all we might, Wyped in vaine, with napkyns next at hande. 1700Dryden Palamon & Arc. iii. 725 The surgeons soon despoiled them of their arms, And some with salves they cure, and some with charms.
†c. refl. To disrobe or undress oneself, put off one's clothes. Obs.
1388Wyclif 1 Sam. xviii. 4 Jonathas dispuylide him silf fro the coote. 1470–85Malory Arthur vii. xii, Pryuely she dispoylled her & leid her doune by hym. c1477Caxton Jason 106 Dispoylle you and entre in to this bathe. 1483― Gold. Leg. 85 b/1 He dyspoylled and unclad hym and gaf hys clothys unto the bochyers.
†d. To take off (clothes). Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 62 b/1 Moyses toke Aaron upon the hylle & despoylled of his vesture. ― Esope 2 b, The lord commaunded to despoylle and take of his clothes.
†e. with double obj.: To strip (a person) of (clothes). Obs.
1632Sir T. Hawkins tr. Mathieu's Vnhappy Prosp. 1 When the play is ended..they are dispoyled the gawdy garments of the personage represented.
†4. To strip of worth, value, or use; to render useless, mar, destroy; to spoil. Obs.
a1400Morte Arth. 4127 Paynymes..With speres disspetousely disspoylles our knyghttes. c1539Plumpton Corr. 235 A action of trespas against..Robart Oliver for dispoyling my gras. 1685[see despoiled].
†5. To make a spoil of (goods, etc.); to carry off by violence, rob, plunder. Obs.
1483Caxton Cato B iij, To dyspoyle and rauisshe hys neyghbours goodes. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Dispoyle, take away by violence.
†b. To remove forcibly, take away. Obs.
a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) K ij, It is necessary to dispoyle the opilacions and leattes of the stomake.
Hence deˈspoiled, deˈspoiling ppl. adjs.
1570–6Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 146 A poore, private, and despoiled person. 1685Travestin Siege Newheusel 43 The besieged..again put in order the late dispoiled Battery. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 130 Despoiled proprietors. 1859C. Barker Associative Princ. i. 17 The despoiling hands of the first reformers. |