| 释义 |
desertion|dɪˈzɜːʃən|
Also 7 dissertion.
[a. F. désertion (1414 in Hatzf.), ad. L. dēsertiōn-em, n. of action from dēserĕre to forsake, abandon, f. de- I. 2 + serĕre to join.]
1. The action of deserting, forsaking, or abandoning, esp. a person or thing that has moral or legal claims to the deserter's support; sometimes simply, abandonment of or departure from a place.
1591W. Perkins (title), Spiritual Desertions, seruing to Terrifie all Drowsie Protestants. 1612–15Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. iv. vi, Season, and sea, and wind, and their Master's desertion, had agreed to render them perfectly miserable. 1651Davenant Gondibert ii. iii. lxiv, These scorn the Courts dissertion of their age. 1671Milton Samson 632 Swoonings of despair, And sense of Heaven's desertion. 1683Brit. Spec. 178 After the Desertion of this Island by the Romans. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 170 ⁋13 Mingled his assurances of protection..with threats of total desertion. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. II. xxviii. 278 A desertion of the coast and a trial of the open water. 1875Jowett Plato I. 341 He is certain that desertion of his duty is an evil.
2. Law. The wilful abandonment of an employment or of duty, in violation of a legal or moral obligation; esp. such abandonment of the military or naval service. Also, wilful abandonment of the conjugal society, without reasonable cause, on the part of a husband or wife.
1712W. Rogers Voy. Introd. 18 In case of Death, Sickness or Desertion of any of the above Officers. 1811Wellington in Gurw. Desp. VIII. 292 They have nearly put a stop to desertion from the enemy's ranks. 1840Thirlwall Greece VII. lvii. 231 Ranks thinned by frequent desertions. 1891Sir H. C. Lopes in Law Times' Rep. LXV. 603/1 To constitute desertion the parties must be living together as man and wife when the desertion takes place.
3. Sc. Law. desertion of the diet: Abandonment of proceedings on the libel in virtue of which the panel has been brought into court; which may be simpliciter, altogether, or pro loco et tempore, temporarily. See desert v. 4.
1861W. Bell Dict. Law Scotl. 281/1 The effect of such a [simpliciter] desertion of the diet is declared to be, that the panel shall be for ever free of all challenge or question touching that offence.
4. Deserted condition; desertedness.
1751Johnson Rambler No. 174 ⁋13, I was convinced, by a total desertion, of the impropriety of my conduct. 1821Southey Vis. Judgem. iii, That long drear dream of desertion. 1876Farrar Marlb. Serm. vi. 51 The College buildings will be almost melancholy in their desertion and silence.
†b. Theol. ‘Spiritual despondency: a sense of the dereliction of God’ (Johnson). Obs.
a1716South (J.), The spiritual agonies of a soul under desertion. |