| 释义 |
▪ I. derrick, n.|ˈdɛrɪk|
Also 7–9 derick.
[from the surname of a noted hangman at Tyburn c 1600. The name is orig. the Du. Dirk, Dierryk, Diederik = Ger. Dietrich, Theoderic.]
†1.
a. A hangman; hanging; the gallows. (Cf. Jack Ketch.)
c1600Ballad Death Earl Essex (N.), Derick, thou know'st at Coles I sav'd Thy life lost for a rape there done. 1606Dekker Sev. Sinnes i. (Arb.) 17, I would there were a Derick to hang vp him too. 1607W. S. Puritan iv. i, Would Derrick had been his fortune seven years ago. 1608Dekker Bellman of Lond. (N.), He rides circuit with the devil, and Derrick must be his host, and Tyborne the inn at which he will light. 1656Blount Glossogr., Deric..is with us abusively used for a Hang-man; because one of that name was not long since a famed executioner at Tiburn.
b. attrib. derrick-jastro.
a1610Healey Disc. New World 174 (N.) This is inhabited only with serjeants, beadles, deputy-constables, and Derrick-jastroes.
2. A contrivance or machine for hoisting or moving heavy weights:
†a. orig. A tackle used at the outer quarter of the mizen-mast. Obs.
b. A spar or boom set up obliquely, with its head steadied by guys and its foot secured by lashings, or pivoted or socketed to the deck, floor, etc., and furnished with suitable tackle and purchases; orig. and chiefly used on board ship.
c. A kind of crane (more fully derrick-crane) in which the jib is pivoted to the foot of the central post, so that it may take various angles with the perpendicular; a ‘jib and tie’ crane. Also often applied to any outstanding jib or arm with a pulley at the end, e.g. those outside the lofts of stables, warehouses, etc.
d. floating derrick: one erected on a kind of boat, with a horizontal boom supported by stays from the top of the central post.
e. A tall structure used to support telegraph wires.
f. A structure erected over a deep-bored well, esp. an oil-well, to support the drilling apparatus. orig. U.S.
a.1727–52Chambers Cycl. s.v. Ship (Plate), Mizon Mast..Derrick and Spann. 1794Rigging & Seamanship I. 165 Derrick, a tackle used at the outer quarter of a mizen-yard, consisting of a double and single block, connected by a fall.
b.1756Gentl. Mag. XXVI. 429 Lightning..cut out a piece of what they call the Derrick, at least 18 inches diameter and 15 or 16 feet long. 1800Colquhoun Comm. Thames 626 Get up and rig a Derick for the purpose of discharging the Cargo. 1878Besant & Rice Celia's Arb. xxii. (1887) 161 They had jurymasts to serve as derricks on occasion.
c.1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Stonehenge Wks. (Bohn) II. 126 Swinging a block of granite..with an ordinary derrick. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Derrick, the hoisting-tower over an artesian well-boring. 1885Ducane Punishm. & Prev. Crime 179 The construction of the large cranes and derricks in the quarries.
d.1874Knight Dict. Mech. s.v., Bishop's floating-derrick..used in 1850..is capable of self-propulsion by means of paddle-wheels, and thus removes its suspended load to a position of safety for repair or other purpose.
e.1886Daily News 28 Dec. 5/6 They have..a very large derrick here holding up an immense number of wires and a good many cables.
f.1861Daily Dispatch (Richmond, Va.) 30 Apr. 1/4 Shanties, derricks, engine-houses, and dwellings, were at once enveloped in flames. 1865Times 18 Oct. 9/5 All along the last few miles to Oil City the derricks have been becoming thicker and thicker. Ibid. 24 Oct. 6/1 The derrick used at oil wells..is a mere tall pyramid-shaped scaffolding, about 50 ft. high. 1883,1885[see rig n.6 3 a]. 1961H. van Dongen in K. Reisz Technique Film Editing (ed. 9) viii. 152 It is the precise spot chosen by the oil-prospectors for drilling, and it is here that the approaching derrick will settle down.
3. attrib., as derrick-floor, derrick-pole, etc.; derrick-car, a railroad truck on which a small derrick is mounted, for use in clearing lines from any obstruction (U.S.); derrick-crane: see 2 c.
1865Pall Mall G. 21 June 9 About the same depth from their derrick floors. 1882Times 27 Dec. 9/2 Unlike the derrick pole of an ordinary turret ship. 1883Rosher Treat. Rating 42 To lay down moorings and moor a derrick hulk to them.
▪ II. † ˈderrick, v. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To hang.
1600W. Kemp Nine Days' W. in Arb. Garner VIII. 37 One that..would pol his father, derick his dad! do anything. |