| 释义 |
▪ I. derelict, a. and n.|ˈdɛrɪlɪkt|
[ad. L. dērelict-us, pa. pple. of dērelinquĕre to forsake wholly, abandon, f. de- I. 3 + relinquĕre to leave, forsake.]
A. adj.
1. Forsaken, abandoned, left by the possessor or guardian; esp. of a vessel abandoned at sea; transf. said of land left dry by the recession of the sea.
1649Jer. Taylor Gt. Exemp. i. i. ⁋10 The affections which these exposed and derelict children bear to their mothers. 1700Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) IV. 640 A tryal before the barons of the exchequer..about derelict lands left by the sea in Yorkshire. 1848Hallam Mid. Ages i. Notes iii. (1855) I. 106 Gaul, like Britain..had become almost a sort of derelict possession, to be seized by the occupant. 1888Times 21 Aug. 9/3 Massowah, which, having been abandoned and left derelict by Egypt..was seized by Italy as a res nullius.
fig.1774Burke Amer. Tax. Wks. (1842) I. 171 They easily prevailed, so as to seize upon the vacant, unoccupied, and derelict minds of his friends.
2. Guilty of dereliction of duty; unfaithful, delinquent (U.S.). Hence derelictness.
1864Daily Tel. 13 Sept., Probably you will think that United States Commissioner Newton was very ‘derelict’ in his duty. 1888The Voice (N.Y.) 4 Oct., The derelictness of many officials in Kansas.
B. n.
1. A piece of property abandoned by the owner or guardian; esp. a vessel abandoned at sea.
1670Lond. Gaz. No. 534/1 A small Virginia ship laden with Tobacco, which they seised as a Derelict, pretending the men had forsaken the ship. 1727–51Chambers Cycl., Derelicts, in the civil law, are such goods as are wilfully thrown away, or relinquished by the owner. 1838De Quincey Mod. Greece Wks. XIV. 320 Often..plague..would absolutely depopulate a region..In such cases, mere strangers would oftentimes enter upon the lands as a derelict. 1877W. Thomson Cruise Challenger iv. 61 On the morning of March 23rd we steamed in search of the derelict.
b. A person abandoned or forsaken.
1728Savage Bastard Pref., I was a Derelict from my cradle. 1873Browning Red Cotton Night-Cap Country 258 To try conclusions with my helplessness,—To pounce on, misuse me, your derelict, Helped by advantage that bereavement lends?
2. One guilty of dereliction of duty (U.S.). Cf. A. 2.
1888The Voice (N.Y.) 3 Jan., The Republicans renominated and triumphantly re-elected the derelicts.
▪ II. dereˈlict, v. rare.
[f. L. dērelict-, ppl. stem of dērelinquĕre: see prec.]
†1. trans. To abandon, forsake. Obs.
1622Donne Serm. John xi. 35 Friends..must not be derelicted, abandoned to themselves. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. lxxiii, Grants..of Lands derelicted.
2. fig. To fail to keep or observe; to fall short of. nonce-use.
1881Macfarren Counterp. iv. 9 Exceptions can only be understood by students who are thoroughly conversant with the rules they [the exceptions] derelict. |