| 释义 |
▪ I. † dere, n. Obs.
Forms: 3–6 dere, 4–5 der, 5 (darr), deire, derre, deerre, 5–6 deere, 5–7 Sc. deir, 6 deare, 7 dial. dare.
[f. dere v.: perhaps a continuation of OE. daru (whence ME. darr) with the vowel assimilated to the vb.: cf. MDu. dere, in Kilian dere, deyre ‘nocumentum, offensa, noxa’. See next.]
Harm, hurt, injury, mischief, esp. in phr. to do (a person) dere.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 3214 Pharaon bannede vt his here, Israel he ðhoȝte to don dere. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 8904 Now may ȝe lyghtly bere þe stones to schip wyþouten dere. 14..Grene Knt. 401 in Sir Gawayne (Bannatyne Club) App. 237 If itt be poynt of any warr, There shall noe man doe you noe darr. c1460Towneley Myst. (Surtees) 149 Wylle ye do any dere to my chyld and me? c1485Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 192, I shall the socor in euery dere. c1570Pride & Lowl. (1841) 13 Many a vice..Which do, and have done this land mickle deere. 1603Philotus lxxiii, Ȝow mon first to me sweir, That ȝe to me sall do na deir. 1674Ray N.C. Words 13 Dare, harm or pain..It does me no dare, i.e. no harm.
▪ II. † dere, v. Obs.
Forms: 1 derian, 2–4 derie(n, (4 deri, derye), 2–3 deren, 3–6 dere, 4–5 der, (4–7 deere, 5 deire, dayre, 5–6 deyre, 6 dear(e, Sc. deir, 6–7 dare).
[OE. dęrian, dęriᵹan = OFris. dera, OS. derian, MDu. dēren (daren), Du. deren, OHG. terjan, teren, MHG. tern:—WGer. *darjan, f. WGer. *dara str. fem., OHG. tara, OE. daru, hurt, harm, injury, damage.]
1. trans. To hurt, harm, injure.
In OE. intrans. with dative, ‘to do harm to’.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. vii. §3 Þæt him ða stormas derian ne mahan. c1175Lamb. Hom. 13 Ne þet eou scal derien nouðer here ne hunger. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 79 Flesliche lustes þe derieð ure sowle. c1300Havelok 574 Leoun or wlf..Or oþer best, þat wolde him dere. 1380Lay Folks' Catech. (Lamb. MS.) 831 Fals wytnesse þow noon beere Þy neyȝbore wyttyngly to dere. c1470Henry Wallace ix. 164 He gert him suer Fra that day furth he suld him neuir der. c1510Barclay Mirr. Gd. Manners (1570) D iv, Who is without trespasse, what can him hurt or dere. 1573Tusser Husb. ii. (1878) 8 Great charge so long did dare me. c1611Chapman Iliad xi. 406 The wound did dare him sore. 1613T. Potts Disc. Witches (1845) K ij a, The stick nor the stake shall never deere thee.
b. absol. To do harm, ‘hurt’.
a1100O.E. Chron. an. 1032 Gehwær hit [þat wilderfyr] derode eac on maneᵹum stowum. a1300Cursor M. 10014 (Cott.) Þat nathing mai cum in þat ders. c1386Chaucer Sqr.'s T. 232 And of Achilles for his queinte spere, For he couþe wiþ it boþe hele and dere. c1400Destr. Troy 1293 Ffor to dere for the dethe of his dere cosyn.
2. To trouble, grieve, vex, annoy, incommode.
c1340Cursor M. 7377 (Trin.) To be king not wol him dere. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) iii. 9 Stagez..ilk ane abouen oþer, to see þe iustyng, so þat nane schall dere oþer, ne lett oþer to see. c1400Destr. Troy 13550 Now me bus, as a beggar, my bred for to thigge At doris vpon dayes, that dayres me full sore. 1481Caxton Reynard xxxix. (Arb.) 106 That dered hym so moche that he wyste not what to saye..he was so angry in his herte. 1559Mirr. Mag., Dk. Suffolk x, When we [envoys] shewed wherein eche other dered, we sought out meanes al quarels to haue clered. 1674Ray S. & E.C. Words 64 It dares me, it pains or grieves me.
Hence ˈdering vbl. n.; ˈdering (derend, deriynde) ppl. a., doing harm, hurtful.
a1325Prose Psalter liv. [lv.] 3 Hij were derend to me in ire. 1340Ayenb. 63 Þer byeþ leazinges helpinde, and leazinges likynde, and leazinges deriynde. c1400Destr. Troy 11003 Dyng hom to dethe for deyring of other. c1440Promp. Parv. 118 Derynge or noyynge, nocumentum, gravamen.
▪ III. dere
obs. form of dare v.2, dear, deer. |