| 释义 |
Derby|ˈdɑːbɪ, ˈdɜːbɪ|
The name of a town (in OE. named by the Northmen Déorabý, Déorbý) and shire of England, and of an earldom named from the shire or county. See also Darby. Hence:
1. a. Proper name of the most noted annual horse-race in England, founded in 1780 by the twelfth Earl of Derby, and run at the Epsom races, usually on the Wednesday before, or the second Wednesday after, Whitsunday (the actual date being fixed each year in connexion with those of the Newmarket and Ascot meetings, by the Jockey Club).
1844W. H. Maxwell Sports & Adv. Scotl. xxxix. (1855) 305 What care I about Oaks or Derbys? 1848Disraeli in Harper's Mag. Aug. (1883) 340/2 ‘You do not know what the Derby is’. ‘Yes I do. It is the Blue Ribbon of the Turf’. 1871M. Collins Mrq. & Merch. II. vi. 161, I had been to the Derby.
b. Hence attrib. and in comb., as Derby day, the day on which the ‘Derby’ is run; Derby dog, the proverbial dog on the race-course, after this has been otherwise cleared; hence allusively, something sure to turn up or come in the way.
1838Observer 26 Aug. 2/2 During last Epsom races, on the Derby day we believe, [etc.]. 1862Times 6 June, It was a real Derby gathering, and, if possible, a Derby gathering exaggerated with all its queer mélange of high and low. 1867Punch LII. 227/1 The Mystery of the Derby dog..the never-failing apparition of the Derby dog at Epsom. 1871M. Collins Mrq. & Merch. I. vi. 190 On a Derby Day the hill at Epsom is thronged with them. 1885Times 4 June 10/2 The reputation which invariably attaches to a Derby winner.
c. transf. Of similar important races in other countries, as the French Derby.
1890Whitaker's Alm. 584/1 The winner of the French Derby. 1894Daily News 20 Feb. 5/3 The great ‘Snowshoe Derby’ took place on Sunday and yesterday at Holmenkollen near Christiania.
d. Applied to any kind of important sporting contest; also air Derby (see also aerial Derby, s.v. aerial a. 5); local Derby, a match between two teams from the same district.
1909Daily Chron. 17 June 5/6 The twenty-ninth Medway Barge Sailing Match, known locally as ‘the barge Derby’. 1914Daily Express 3 Oct. 3/1 A local Derby [sc. football match] between Liverpool and Everton. 1914Whitaker's Almanack 1915 822/2 Air ‘Derby’ round London (94½ miles). 1919Sphere 28 June 259 (heading) An air derby at 129 miles per hour. 1962BBC Handbk. 37 It would still be right for local talent to be nursed and local derbies to be played.
2. a. Short for Derby hat: a stiff felt hat with a rounded crown and narrow brim. U.S.
1888Pall Mall G. 12 June 14/1 Girls or young ladies are seen with their hands thrust deep into the ulster pocket..the derby tipped on one side. Ibid. 24 Sept. 11/1 Low felt hats—Derby hats, as they are generally called here [U.S.]—were universal.
b. A kind of sporting-boot having no stiffening and a very low heel (see also quot. 1968).
1901Daily News 23 Feb. 6/4 The Prince Consort is represented..as wearing low-heeled, square-toed ‘Derbies’, with buckles on them. 1904Westm. Gaz. 15 Apr. 10/2 Russia calf Derbys for shooting-boots. 1968J. Ironside Fashion Alphabet 130 Derby,..the most common form of shoe. A tie shoe with eyelets and laces, the quarter and facings stitched on top of the vamp.
3. Plastering. = Darby 5.
1823–42[see Darby 5]. 1876W. Papworth in Encycl. Brit. IV. 504 He is furnished with..a hand float, a quirk float, and a derby or darby, which is a long two-handled float for forming the floated coat of lime and hair.
4. Derby neck = Derbyshire neck.
1769T. Prosser (title), An Account of the Method of Cure of the Bronchocele, or Derby-neck. 1771Barretti Journ. Lond. to Genoa II. 148 Gaváys mean a Derby-neck or a man that has a Derby-neck.
5. a. Denoting a variety of porcelain made at Derby, esp. a soft-paste porcelain made from about 1750, Crown Derby being a variety made from 1784. Cf. Crown Derby s.v. crown n. 35.
1850[see Crown Derby s.v. crown n. 35]. 1868C. L. Eastlake Hints Household Taste ix. 194 The qualities which distinguish old Chelsea, Derby, Worcester, and Plymouth china are well known to connoisseurs. 1869Lady C. Schreiber Jrnl. (1952) I. i. One small Derby group. Ibid. 4 A small Derby statuette of Neptune. 1875W. F. Tiffin (title) A Chronograph of the Bow, Chelsea and Derby Porcelain Manufactories. 1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 641/2 The Derby under-glaze blue was remarkably fine. 1957Mankowitz & Haggar Encycl. Eng. Pottery 70/2 The work of the earliest phase of Derby porcelain was nonphosphatic... The next phase of Derby was characterized by the use of pale delicate colours, [etc.].
b. Derby red = chrome red (chrome 3).
1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 155/1 Derby red, a scarlet red pigment of good covering and staining power, sometimes used as a substitute for vermilion. 1937Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) I. 550/1 Austrian cinnabar. Derby red, Chinese red.
6. Derby or Derbyshire cheese, a hard, pressed cheese made from partly skimmed milk, produced chiefly in the Derbyshire district. Also ellipt.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 355/2 Derby cheese in its best forms is much like Leicester, being ‘clean’ in flavour and mellow. 1905W. H. Simmonds Pract. Grocer III. 79 The true ‘Derbyshire’ cheese..is a small cylindrical or flat and thin cheese of pale colour, and generally of rich, buttery quality. ‘Derby Goudas’ are a variety shaped like the Dutch Gouda. 1955J. G. Davis Dict. Dairying (ed. 2) 189 Derbyshire or Derby cheese, one of the oldest of our national cheese, but it was not until recently that a uniform method came to be adopted for its manufacture. 1970Listener 12 Nov. 661 You can buy a special Derby cheese in good food shops in London that's got a green stripe in it—known as Sage-green Derby.
7. Derby scheme: in the war of 1914–18, a recruiting scheme initiated in October 1915 by the seventeenth Earl of Derby. Also Derby recruit and simply Derby, a soldier recruited under this scheme.
1915Times 4 Dec. 9/6 Last week of the Derby Scheme. Ibid. 20 Dec. 9/2 Men who have been attested and classified under the Derby scheme. 1917P. Gibbs Battles of Somme 177 Old English regiments with new men in them, including some of the ‘Derby recruits’. a1918J. T. B. McCudden Five Yrs. R.F.C. (1919) 198 It was at that time [Feb. & Mar. 1917] that the ‘Derby’ scheme was operating. 1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words s.v., Men of the ‘Groups’ of ‘Derbies’, awaiting their turn to be called up,..wore armlets lettered ‘G.R.’ (General Reserve). 1927W. S. Churchill World Crisis, 1916–18 i. x. 239 It was evident that the Derby scheme could only be a palliative. |