| 释义 |
derail, v.|dɪˈreɪl|
[ad. mod.F. dérailler (in Bescherelle's Fr. Dict. 1845, adm. by Académie in 1878) ‘to go off the rails’, f. dé- (= de- II. 2) + rail rail. Introduced from French about 1850, but app. received into general use first in U.S.]
1. intr. To run off or leave the rails.
1850Lardner Railway Economy 326 foot-note, Derailment—I have adopted this word from the French..the verb to derail or to be derailed may be used in a corresponding sense. 1864Webster, Derail, to run off from the rails of a railway, as a locomotive. Lardner. 1883A. Crane in Leisure Hour 284/2 It [the locomotive] had ‘derailed’. 1883in Cassell [the only sense given: characterized as American].
2. trans. To cause (a train, etc.) to leave the rails; to throw off the rails.
1850Lardner Railway Economy 327 On the 16th September 1847, on the Manchester and Liverpool Railway, the last carriage of the express train, having two passengers in it, was derailed. Ibid., The displacement only became great enough to derail the wheels on the arrival of the last coach at the point. 1881Philad. Record No. 3416. 1 [They] stopped four cars forcibly, derailed them. 1881M. Reynolds Engine-driving Life 32 Having their engines de-railed. 1892Daily News 4 Apr. 2/4 The faster a train ran, the more likely would it be to derail any impediment on the track.
Hence deˈrailed ppl. a., deˈrailing vbl. n.
1881Nature XXV. 246 A ballasted floor of sufficient strength to hold up a derailed locomotive. 1884Christian World 5 June 419/5 The cause of the derailing of the carriages. 1891Times 26 Sept. 5/1 The telegraph pole having been broken down..by the derailed carriages. |