| 释义 |
▪ I. rand, n.1|rænd|
Also 7 (in sense 3 a) rann.
[OE. rand, rǫnd brink or bank, shield-boss, shield = ON. rönd shield-rim, shield, stripe (Sw. and Da. rand rim, border, etc.), OHG. rant shield-boss (G. and Du. rand bank, beach, brink, field-border, rim, margin, etc.).
The orig. sense of the word is app. ‘border, margin, rim’, although there is very little evidence for this in the older literatures, in which the word is almost entirely poetic and restricted to the shield.]
1. A border, margin, or brink (of land). Obs. exc. dial. and regional in specific senses (see latest quots.).
The E. Anglian word is usually rond q.v.
Beowulf 2538 Aras ða bi ronde rof oretta. [903in Kemble Cod. Dipl. B. II. 259/8 Of ðam fulan broce wið westan randes æsc.] 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 105 Þe playn, þe plonttez, þe spyse, þe perez, & rawez & randez & rych reuerez. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1710 At þe last bi a littel dich he lepez ouer a spenné, Stelez out ful stilly by a strothe rande. 1840Spurdens Suppl. Forby, Rand. A reed-rand, on our rivers and broads is a margin overgrown with reeds. 1868Atkinson Cleveland Gloss., Rands,..the borders round fields left unploughed and producing rough grass: applied loosely to the grass in question. 1895Daily News 22 Apr. 7/4 The rands, skirts, and walls thereof, and fens and reed grounds appertaining thereto. 1958New Biol. XXVI. 92 The underlying fen peat acts as a reservoir of wetness while the margins of the peat-filled basin insulate the raised centre from the soil water which is draining into the basin... Such a bog is called a raised bog, the sloping slides being called the rand, and the insulating zone round the edge the lagg.
2. A strip or long slice:
a. of meat (see quots. 1611 and 1895). Now only dial.
c1394P. Pl. Crede 763 Wiþ þe randes of bakun his baly for to fillen. 1530Palsgr. 260/2 Rande of befe, giste de beuf. 1611Cotgr., Giste de bœuf, a rand of beefe; a long, and fleshie peece, cut out from betweene the flanke and buttocke. 1669Digby Closet Opened (1677) 124, I like to add to this a rand of tender briskit Beef. 1838in Holloway Prov. Dict. 1895East Anglian Gloss., Rand..[seems] to signify any fleshy piece from the edges of the larger divisions of the hind quarter, the rump, loin, or leg.
b. of fish (esp. sturgeon). Now rare.
1572in Turner Select Rec. Oxford (1880) 345 Item, thre rands of sturgion..xijs. 1622Jrnl. Eng. Plant. in Arber Story Pilgrim Fathers (1897) 429 We saw it was a grampus which they were cutting up. They cut it into long rands or pieces, about an ell long and two hands full broad. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Impr. (1746) 264 Being cold, they [sturgeon] are divided into Jouls and Rands. 1820T. Mitchell Aristoph. I. 83 A rand Of tunny fish.
3. a. A strip of leather placed under the quarters of a boot or shoe, to make this level before the lifts of the heel are attached. (Cf. G. rand welt.)
1598Florio, Tornara,..the rande of a shooe. 1647New Haven Col. Rec. (1857) I. 347 The deffendant was faine to take those rands to make welts for the plaine shooes. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 14/1 Parts of a Shooe..The Rann [is] the Leather as holds the Heel quarters and Vamp to the Soles. 1823E. Moor Suffolk Words s.v., The rand and welt being stitched to the superior and inferior portions, strengthen the work. 1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. xxvii. 56 Box cork boot, without rand or stitch in sole.
attrib. and Comb.1840J. Devlin Shoemaker 91 The single rand-pricker then in use (the forerunner of our present rand-wheel). Ibid. 113 One rand iron, a tool for setting up the rand before stitching. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1879/2 A rand-guide, by which the rand-coil or ribbon is directed. 1882Worc. Exhib. Catal. III. 31 Rand turning machine..delivers the rands..in a horse shoe form ready for use.
b. A strip of iron.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metal I. 212 The sheet iron..is cut into strips or rands.
c. Basketry. (See quots. 1910 and 1912.)
1903R. M. Jacot Useful Cane Work i. p. ix/2 Trade or workshop terms,..randing, or a ‘rand’. 1910Encycl. Brit. III. 482/2 The chief strokes used in constructing an ordinary basket are:—the ‘slew’—two or more rods woven together; the ‘rand’, rods woven in singly. 1912T. Okey Introd. Art of Basket-Making v. 20 The next section is formed by a Rand—one single rod worked alternately in front of and behind each Stake. 1959D. Wright Baskets & Basketry vi. 136 Rand: a single rod worked in front of one stake and behind the next.
†4. A piece or mass of ice. Obs. rare.
1633T. James Voy. 18 As thick rands of Ice, as any we had yet seene. Ibid. 104 The Ice lyes..in rands and ranges. 1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. (1852) ii. App. 195 They kept labouring..among enormous rands of ice.
5. [a. G. and Da. rand.] A rim, margin. rare.
1830W. Taylor Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry II. 356 A rusty, brazen, oval vase... ‘Should there be nought within the rand’, Thinks he, ‘I'll take it to the brazier’. 1868Stephens Runic Mon. I. 182 The raised rands and upstanding carved ridges have been left in their original..glitter.
▪ II. rand, n.2 S. Afr.
(rænd, ‖ raːnt)
Also randt, rant. Pl. rands, ‖ rande.
[Afrikaans, a. Du. rand(t) edge, margin: rel. to rand n.1]
1. a. In South Africa: a rocky ridge or area of high sloping ground, esp. overlooking a river-valley. b. spec. the Rand, the Witwatersrand, a notable gold-mining area of the Transvaal.
1839J. Collett Diary 27 May in Voorloper (1976) 663 Finished making New Kralls to day on Willow fountain rant. 1856F. Fleming Southern Africa v. 109 The country, lying between the Rand and the Fish River, is thickly populated with Fingoes. 1890Digger's Doggerel 28 The best Crushing Spec..on the Rand. 1891B. Mitford Romance of Cape Frontier iv. 23 He stood on the top of the randt for a brief blow after his exertions. 1899G. B. Shaw Let. c 26–30 Dec. (1972) II. 124 The conflict that was inevitable from the moment that gold was discovered in the Rand..had to come. 1900A. H. Keane Boer States iii. 22 We can here speak of ‘rands’, that is, ridges of moderate elevation, which, however, are sometimes high enough to form water-partings. 1928E. Walker Hist. S. Afr. xii. 413 Mining areas were proclaimed on the Rand. 1947H. C. Bosman Mafeking Road 3 ‘I don't think they [sc. the stars] would be good for growing mealies on, though,’ I answered, ‘they look too high up, like the rante of the Sneeuberge, in the Cape.’ 1953D. Lessing Five iii. 129 He thought of the old prospectors..panning gold.., washing the grit for those tiny grains that might proclaim a new Rand. 1972D. Francis Smokescreen ix. 123 Most of Johannesburg sank about three feet..after all the reef was out... The Rand gold fields are shallower.
2. (Freq. with capital initial.) Pl. rand or rands. [f. with ref. to sense 1 b.] A unit of decimal currency, orig. equivalent to ten shillings sterling, and containing 100 cents, adopted by the Republic of South Africa in 1961, and subsequently by certain other southern African countries. Also attrib.
1961Times 27 Jan. 19/4 There was a boom on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange last night... The occasion was the second dress rehearsal for trading in rand and cents when decimalization overtakes South Africa on the second Tuesday of next month. 1961Guardian 26 May 3/3 A two-rand (formerly one pound) postal order bought in a Capetown post office. 1970Daily Nation (Nairobi) 16 Jan. 14/5 Lesotho's currency is the South African Rand. 1972P. Driscoll Wilby Conspiracy ii. 37 You want wine? It'll cost you two rands a bottle. 1978J. Paxton Dict. European Econ. Community (rev. ed.) 21 In March 1976 the E.E.C. agreed to provide Botswana with about 90m. Rand in aid over four years.
▪ III. rand, v.1|rænd|
[f. rand n.1]
†1. trans. To cut into rands (sense 2 b). Obs.
1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Jack-a-Lent Wks. i. 117/1 The Sturgeon is keg'd, randed, and iold about the eares.
2. a. intr. To cut rands (sense 3). b. trans. To fit with rands. c. trans. and intr. To weave by randing (sense 1 b). Hence ˈranding vbl. n.1 (used attrib. in randing-machine, randing-tool).
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1879. 1959 D. Wright Baskets & Basketry ii. 45 After the initial pairing the base may be randed. 1962Punch 1 Aug. 170/3 The basket workers..still keep their rhymed boast: I can rand At your command..Wale all right And keep my stakes in order.
▪ IV. † rand, v.2 Obs. rare.
[a. obs. Flem. randen, var. ranten to rant.]
1. intr. To rave, to rant.
1601B. Jonson Poetaster iii. iv, He will teach thee to tear and rand. 1607Dekker & Webster Northw. Hoe iv. D.'s Wks. 1873 III. 54, I..rau'd and randed, and raild.
2. trans. With out. To utter in a furious manner.
1609Rowley Search for Money (Percy Soc.) 21 After Coller had procured a foaming vent, he randed out these sentences—Money? vengeance and hell so soone as money!
Hence ˈranding vbl. n.2 and ppl. a.
1609Rowley Search for Money (Percy Soc.) 31 An audatious mouthing-randing-impudent..rascal. 1633T. Adams Exp. 2 Peter iii. 3 For a hypocrite to decline open randing..and revels, it is no wonder. 1714C. Johnson The Country Lasses v. ii, Here will be brave randing, i' faith: all the steeples in the County are to rock.
▪ V. rand, v.3 dial.|rænd|
[Of obscure origin: cf. randy v.1]
trans. and intr. To canvass. Hence ˈranding vbl. n.3
1740Sir C. H. Williams Wks. (1822) I. 69, I in plain English will the country rand, And shake each good freeholder by the hand. Ibid. 70 Freeholders with such language well dispense,..Therefore, be wise, go home, and rand no more. 1842in Glouc. Gloss. (1890), Randing.
▪ VI. † rand, v.4 Sc. Obs. rare—0.
[ad. F. rend-, stem of rendre render; cf. rand ‘a melting’ (of tallow) in Suppl. Jamieson's Dict. (1887).]
trans. To melt (tallow). Hence ˈranding vbl. n.4
1583Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1882) 313 Ane suspect pairt for randing of talloun and sending the sam away furth of the realm. |