| 释义 |
denature, v.|dɪˈneɪtjʊə(r), diː-|
[a. F. dénaturer, OF. desnaturer, f. des-, dé- (de- I. 6) + nature; a doublet of disnature.]
†1. trans. To render unnatural. Obs.
1685Cotton tr. Montaigne III. 158 Fanatick people, who think to honour their nature by denaturing themselves.
2. a. To alter (anything) so as to change its nature; e.g. to render alcohol or tea unfit for consumption.
1907Chem. Abstr. I. 2009 Denaturing acetic acid... The strength of acetic acid to be denatured is not specified. 1924H. E. Fosdick Mod. Use of Bible v. 158 Unless it is willing to be denatured, religion cannot get on without this exciting aspect of its thought. 1951E. Barker Princ. Soc. & Pol. Theory ii. ii. 47 We only dream; and our dream is one which denatures the State and unspheres law. 1965Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Nov. 1063/3 To omit the commas..is..to denature or homogenize the lines.
b. Biochem. To modify (a protein) by heat, acid, etc., so that it no longer has its original properties.
1925Jrnl. Biol. Chem. LXIV. 370 When a protein is denatured by dilute acids and alkalies..an increase occurs in the acid- and base-binding powers. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. viii. 150 Some proteins, notably trypsin, are denatured in hot water, but return to their active form upon cooling.
Hence deˈnatured ppl. a.; deˈnaturing ppl. a. and vbl. n.
1878J. Thomson Plenip. Key 7 If your liquor be..not of the denatured nature of London milk..chicory coffee. 1888Manch. Exam. 3 July 6/5 Regulations authorising the removal from bond of what was termed denatured tea. 1907R. F. Herrick Denatured or Industrial Alcohol i. 2 A number of other substances are used as denaturing agents. Ibid. 3 Such denaturing was accomplished by mixing ten per cent of commercial wood alcohol with ordinary alcohol. 1971Sci. Amer. June 48/2 The first step isolated the elastic fiber..by the use of a denaturing extractant such as a concentrated solution of guanidine and enzymes that specifically break down collagen.
Add:3. intr. Chiefly Biochem. To become denatured, to undergo denaturation.
1954Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) XI. 173/2 Many proteins (e.g., egg albumin) tend to denature irreversibly by adsorption at an air-water interface. 1971Nature 3 Sept. 12/1 Oxyhaemoglobin in such dilute solution is prone to oxidize to the ferric form, which then denatures, with irreversible formation of monomeric chains. 1982R. M. Schultz in T. M. Devlin Textbk. Biochem. i. 72 Addition of strong base, acid, or organic solvent, or heating to temperatures above 60°C are also common ways to cause a protein to denature. |