| 释义 |
▪ I. † deme, n.1 Obs.
Forms: 1 dœ́ma, 1–2 déma, 2–3 deme.
[OE. dœ́ma, déma = OHG. tuômo, Gothic type dômja:—OTeut. dômjon-, f. dôm- judgement, doom.]
A judge, arbiter, ruler.
c825Vesp. Psalter xlix. [l.] 6 Forðon god doema is. c1175Lamb. Hom. 95 Þe helend is alles moncunnes dema. c1205Lay. 9634 Þerof he wes deme & duc feole ȝere. a1250Owl & Night. 1783 Wa schal unker speche rede And telle tovore unker deme?
▪ II. deme, n.2|diːm|
[ad. Gr. δῆµος district, township.]
1. A township or division of ancient Attica. In modern Greece: A commune.
[1628Hobbes Thucyd. (1822) 86 Acharnas, which is the greatest town in all Attica of those that are called Demoi.] 1833Thirlwall in Philol. Mus. II. 290 The procession..is supposed to take place in the deme of Dicæopolis. 1838― Greece II. 73 The ten tribes were subdivided into districts of various extent, called demes, each containing a town or village, as its chief place. 1874Mahaffy Soc. Life Greece xii. 383 He was made a citizen and enrolled in the respectable Acharnian deme. 1881Blackw. Mag. Apr. 542 (Greece & her Claims) Elementary schools in most of the demes.
2. Biol. Any undifferentiated aggregate of cells, plastids, or monads. (Applied by Perrier to the tertiary or higher individual resulting from the aggregate integration of merides or permanent colonies of cells.)
1883P. Geddes in Encycl. Brit. XVI. 843/1 The term colony, corm, or deme may indifferently be applied to these aggregates of primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary order which are not, however, integrated into a whole, and do not reach the full individuality of the next higher order. Ibid. 843/2 Starting from the unit of the first order, the plastid or monad, and terming any undifferentiated aggregate a deme, we have a monad-deme integrating into a secondary unit or dyad, this rising through dyad-demes into a triad, these forming triad-demes, etc.
3. Ecol. A local population of closely related plants or animals; also used as the second element of more precise terms, as in ecodeme, gamodeme, topodeme, etc. Hence demoˈlogical a.
1939Gilmour & Gregor in Nature 19 Aug. 333/1 In the course of work on the experimental delimitation of botanical groups, the need has arisen for a term which can be applied to any specified assemblage of taxonomically closely related individuals... We propose the term deme (from the Greek δῆµος) for this purpose, with appropriate prefixes to denote particular kinds of demes. 1954Genetica XXVII. 150 The essence of the deme terminology is the construction of a series of category-terms by the addition of one or more virtually self-explanatory prefixes to the ‘neutral’ suffix ‘-deme’. Ibid. 151 Sometimes, however, demological units will coincide with recognised taxa. 1961G. G. Simpson Princ. Animal Taxon. v. 176 The smallest unit of population that has evolutionary significance is a group of individual animals (of one species or subspecies) so localized that they are in easy and more or less frequent contact with each other... That minimal population unit is called a deme. 1966R. L. Smith Ecology & Field Biol. xxiii. 431 Collectively, individuals within each group make up a genetical population, or deme... Individuals that make up the deme are not identical. 1969Nature 22 Nov. 750/1 The patterns of polymorphisms he found in Arizona indicate that within a species there are small units, or demes, of the order of a hundred or so mice that do not mix with other demes.
▪ III. deme
obs. form of deem v., dime. |