| 释义 |
rammer|ˈræmə(r)|
Also 6 -ar, -or.
[f. ram v.1]
1. An instrument for ramming or beating down earth, or forcing stones into the ground, consisting of a heavy piece of wood held upright, the blow being given with the lower end.
1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 89 Paving rammers of tymbre. 1530Palsgr. 260/2 Rammer for husbandrie. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme ii. liv. 372 You may beate it [the earth] downe with a rammer of wood. 1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 107 The rest have rammers for ramminge and beatinge of the earth downe into the hole. 1766Museum Rust. VI. 318 One person may be employed with a rammer, to follow five or six mowers. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 325/2 Compressing, by means of rammers, the loose earth used in building parapets.
b. A similar implement used for other purposes; a pestle or stamp.
1643Horn & Rob. Gate Lang. Unl. xxxiii. §402 They stamped it [barley] with a rough rammer in a bake house. 1755Gentl. Mag. XXV. 361 Ramming them [ashes]..with a small light rammer, as tight as you can, without bursting the vatt. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 254 (Fuller) Very heavy pointed ‘rammers’ fall upon the cloth. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 499 The skins..are beaten out with the mace, or rammer. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 338/1 When full to the brim the salt is worked about with a short thick stick, the ‘rammer’.
c. Applied in contempt to a heavy, clumsy shoe.
1810Splendid Follies I. 127 If you had but a pair of pink slippers on instead of those confounded rammers.
2. A cylindrical block of wood fixed at the end of a staff, used to drive home the charge of a cannon; † the ramrod of a fire-arm.
1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 125 Rammers for gonnes. 1581Styward Mart. Discipl. i. 44 A good and sufficient peece, flaske,..mould, rammor. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xiv. 66 A Rammer is a bob of wood at the other end [of the sponge] to ramme home the Powder and the Waddings. 1669Sturmy Mariner's Mag. v. 68 Then with the Rammer put the Powder home gently. 1778Hutton in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 68 The powder was forced up with only one stroke of the rammer. 1833Marryat P. Simple (1863) 247 As the men withdrew the rammer, a shot from the enemy entered the muzzle. 1879Man. Artillery Exerc. 8 Overbank carriages, jointed rammers, &c., for our siege guns.
b. A ramming instrument used in chemical experiments, or in blasting operatons.
1660Boyle New Exp. Phys. Mech. xxiii. 185 The lower end of the Glass rammer (if we may so call it). 1709Phil. Trans. XXVI. 262, I ramm'd them strongly down with a Rammer, whose Basis was very little less than the Bore of the Tube. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 6 The rammer one diameter shorter than the mould. 1868Fairley Gloss. Terms Coal-Mining ii, Rammer, an iron instrument used in filling a hole..previous to firing the powder.
†3. A battering-ram. Obs. rare.
1546Langley Pol. Virg. De Invent. ii. vii. 47 b, The rammer called in Latin Aries wherwith walles be ouer⁓throwen was made by Epeus at Troye.
4. A pile-driver, or similar device.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 480/2 A Rammer, or an Instrument to Drive Piles into the Ground. 1775N. D. Falck Day's Diving Vess. 27 The next implement was a rammer, with which the blocks were to be driven into the object. [Description follows.] 1853J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic (ed. 4) 313 The rammer made use of to drive piles.
5. One engaged in ramming earth.
1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 326/1.
6. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) rammer-beaten adj., (sense 2) rammer-head, rammer rod.
1549Privy Council Acts II. 349/1 Rammers and ramer⁓hedes, xvj dousen. 1692Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ii. xi. 106 Make a mark upon the Rammer-head. 1774Cook in Phil. Trans. LXIV. 411 The shock forced the musket out of his hand, and broke the rammer rod. 1834Landor Exam. Shaks. Wks. 1846 II. 276 The groundwork and religious duty not being well rammer-beaten and flinted. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 325/2 Rammer-heads for..siege guns are not attached to the sponge staves. |