| 释义 |
▪ I. defer, v.1|dɪˈfɜː(r)|
Forms: 4–7 differre, 5–7 deferre, (4 defere, 5–6 defar, -arre, dyfferre, 7 deferr), 5–7 differ, 5–6 differr, 6 differe, dyferre, dyffer, dyffer(r-), diffar(r-), 6–7 differ(r-), 5– defer(r-). Inflexions deferred, deferring.
[ME. differre-n, a. OF. différer (il diffère), 14th c. in Littré, ad. L. differ-re to carry apart, put off, postpone, delay, protract; also, intr., to bear in different directions, have diverse bearings, differ. Orig. the same word as differ v. (q.v. for the history of their differentiation), and often spelt differ in 16–17th c.; but forms in de-, def-, are found from the 15th, and have prevailed, against the etymology, mainly from the stress being on the final syllable; but partly, perhaps, by association with delay.]
†1. trans. To put on one side; to set aside. Obs.
1393Gower Conf. I. 262 At mannes sighte Envie for to be preferred Hath conscience so differred, That no man loketh to the vice Whiche is the moder of malice. c1430Lydg. Hors, Shepe & G. 96 The Syrcumstaunce me lyst nat to defer. ― Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 14 Grace withe her lycour cristallyne and pure Defferrithe vengeaunce off ffuriose woodnes.
†b. To set or put ‘beside oneself’; to bereave of one's wits. Obs. rare—1.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Matthæus 84 Quhame þat þai [two sorcerers] had euir marryte Ine þare wittis or differryte.
†c. refl. To withdraw or remove oneself. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Martha 171 Hely, defere þe nocht fra me, Bot in myn helpe nov haste þu þe!
2. trans. To put off (action, procedure) to some later time; to delay, postpone.
1382Wyclif Num. xxx. 15 If the man..into another day deferre the sentence. 14..Prose Legends in Anglia VIII. 132 [She] differred þe questyone. 1483Cath. Angl. 99 To Differ, differre, prolongare. 1489Caxton Faytes of A. ii. vii. 104 The Lacedemonyens with drewe them self and differde the bataylle. 1526Tindale Matt. xxiv. 48 My master wyll differ his commynge. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iv. vii. 141 Soldiers, Deferre the spoile of the Citie vntill night. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxx. 183 Sometimes a Civill warre, may be differred, by such wayes. 1711Addison Spect. No. 92 ⁋2, I have deferred furnishing my Closet with Authors, 'till I receive your Advice. 1795Southey Joan of Arc iv. 499 O chosen by Heaven! defer one day thy march. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola ii. iv, She deferred writing the irrevocable words of parting from all her little world.
b. Const. with inf. ? Obs.
1426Card. Beaufort in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. I. 102 He hath long differred to parfourme them. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7118 To wende hame þai noȝt deferde. 1535Coverdale Josh. x. 13 The Sonne..dyfferred to go downe for the space of a whole daye after. 1609Bible (Douay) Ps. lxxix. Comm., How long wilt thou differre to heare our prayer? a1656Ussher Ann. (1658) 880 Neither did he long defer to put those Jews to death. a1732Atterbury (J.), The longer thou deferrest to be acquainted with them, the less every day thou wilt find thyself disposed to them.
c. absol. or intr. To delay, procrastinate: rarely with off.
1382Wyclif Deut. vii. 10 So that he scater hem, and ferther differre not [1388 differr [v.r. tarie] no lengere]. c1450St. Cuthbert (Surtees) 7523 He defard, and walde noȝt trus. 1577J. Northbrooke Dicing (1843) 180 Whyles he desired, they deferred. a1592Greene & Lodge Looking Glass Wks. (Rtldg.) 129/1 Defer not off, to-morrow is too late. 1614Bp. Hall Recoll. Treat. 935 God differ's on purpose that our trials may be perfect. 1635R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. ix. 252 The longer thou putst off and defferest the more unfit shalt thou be to repent. 1742Young Nt. Th. i. 390 Be wise to-day; 'tis madness to defer. 1771P. Parsons Newmarket I. 21, I have waited (demurred, my gentle reader, if you be a lawyer, deferred, if you be a divine)..a full year.
3. trans. To put off (a person or matter) to a future occasion:
†a. a person. Obs.
1382Wyclif Acts xxiv. 22 Sothli Felix deferride hem [1388 delayede, MS. K. ether differride; Tindale differde, 1539 Great B. deferede, 1557 Genev. differed, 1582 Rhem. differred, 1611 and 1881deferred]. 1545Brinklow Compl. 20 b, Men be differyd from tyme to tyme, yea from yere to yere. 1642Rogers Naaman 137 If it seem good to thy wisdome to deferre me. 1709Strype Ann. Ref. I. xxxviii. 440 He was deferred until Monday.
b. a time, matter, question.
1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 49 Where they two borowed, they promise to pay three, Their day of payment longer to defarre. 1536Exhort. fr. North 135 in Furniv. Ballads I. 309 Differ not your matteres tyll a new ȝere. 1559Morwyng Evonym. 95 Which conserveth the good health of man's body, prolongeth a man's youth, differeth age. 1559Willock Lett. to Crosraguell in Keith Hist. Church Sc. App. 198 (Jam.), I wold aske quhilk of us differreth the Caus. 1611Bible Prov. xiii. 12 Hope deferred maketh the heart sicke.
c. To relegate to a later part of a treatise.
1538Starkey England i. iv. 123 Let us not entur into thys dysputatyon now, but..dyffer hyt to hys place. 1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 37 The admonition I differe to the end. 1611Coryat Crudities 480, I had differred it till the end of the sermon. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth i. (1723) 41 Which I choose, rather than trouble the Reader with a Detail..here, to deferr to their proper Place. 1877J. D. Chambers Divine Worship 284 It has been found necessary to defer them to the Appendix.
†4. To put off (time), waste in delay. Obs.
1382Wyclif Ezek. xii. 22 Dais shulen be differrid, or drawen, in to loong [1388 differrid in to long tyme]. 1548Hall Chron. 184 Not mynding to differre the time any farther. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 123 Idle to deferre y⊇ time lyke Saint George, who is euer on horsebacke yet neuer rydeth. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, iii. ii. 33 Deferre no tyme, delayes haue dangerous ends. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Deniall vi, O cheer and tune my heartlesse breast, Deferre no time.
†b. To protract; also intr. to linger. Obs.
1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. i. xii. 24 a, The Warres were longe differred. 1561Norton & Sackv. Gorboduc iv. ii, Why to this houre Have kind and fortune thus deferred my breath? 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 42 b, If the disease woulde differre, and the jaundis woulde not voyde.
Add:[3.] d. To postpone the military call-up of (a person, esp. one in a protected occupation). Usu. in pass. U.S.
1941Nation (N.Y.) 17 May 596/1 The national draft board should promulgate a ruling to the effect that no worker deferred because of his employment in defense shall lose that deferment merely because he joins his fellow-workers in a strike. 1951Senior Scholastic 25 Apr. 12/2 (heading) Should superior college students be deferred? 1969M. Puzo Godfather i. i. 62 Paulie Gatto had been deferred from the draft himself because [he]..had received electrical shock treatments for a mental condition.
▪ II. defer, v.2|dɪˈfɜː(r)|
Also 5–6 differ, 6–7 deferre, (8 defere). Inflexions deferred, deferring.
[a. F. déférer (il défère), 16th c. in Littré (defferer 14th c. in Godef. Suppl.), in same sense as Eng., ad. L. dēfer-re to bring or carry away, convey down, to bring or carry with reference to destination, to confer, deliver, transfer, grant, give, to report, to refer (a matter) to any one; f. de- I. 1, 2 + ferre to bear, carry.]
†1. trans. To carry down or away; to convey (to some place); to bring away. Obs. rare.
1626Bacon Sylva §254, I do not think that if a Sound should pass through divers mediums..it would deliver the Sound in a differing place, from that unto which it is deferred. 1654R. Codrington tr. Hist. Ivstine 552 He was so much amazed at it, that he could not forbear to vomit or defer the forced burthen of his belly.
†2. To offer, proffer, tender; in Law, to offer for acceptance. Const. to, rarely on. to defer an oath = F. déférer un serment, L. deferre jusjurandum. Obs.
1563Foxe A. & M. 782 b, Vpon a corporall othe to them deferred by the iudges. 1565Jewel Repl. Harding (1611) 379 That Godly worship which..of the Diuines is called Latria, is deferred only to the Blessed Trinity. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxx. 177 To deferre to them any obedience, or honour. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles iii. 172 Apuleius..does in vain defer or bestow this honor on those Demons. 1764–7G. Lyttelton Hist. Hen. II, II. 95 (Seager) How very wonderful is it that all the princes..when a king renowned for his valour..was actually at their head, should defer the command to a monk. 1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) II. liii. 894 Until he accept the inheritance, he has a right deferred or proffered by the law (jus delatum) but he has not a right fully acquired (jus acquisitum).
†3. To submit (a matter to a person, etc.) for determination or judgement; to refer. Obs.
1490Acta Dom. Conc. 204 (Jam.) The lordis will differ the hale mater to the said Robert spoussis aitht. 1541Barnes Wks. (1573) 345/1 This matter was deferred of both partes to the sentence of the kyng. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 160 We teach, that among Priests there be no strifes and wrangling, nor let them be deferred to the Secular power. 1691Blair in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. (1860) I. 4 The council, he said, would defer it to the committee for plantations.
†4. absol. To refer for information to. Obs.
1563Foxe A. & M. 797 b, Concernynge the depositions of this Lorde Paget, here producted, we differ to the xx. act, where you shal fynde hym examined.
†5. intr. (for refl.) To submit oneself to. Sc. Obs.
1479Acta Dom. Audit. 90 (Jam.) Decretis..that Johne Stewart..sall..pay to Archibald Forester of Corstorfin xx L yerly of viii yeris bigain..becauss the said Archibald differit to his aith, and he refusit to suere in presens of the lordis. 1490Acta Dom. Conc. 194 (Jam.) The lordis aboue writtin wald nocht defer to the said excepcioun.
6. intr. To submit in opinion or judgement to; to pay deference to.
It is probably with reference to this that Evelyn, 1667 (Mem. III. 161 ed. 1857), says, We have hardly any words that do..fully express the French emotion, defer, effort.
1686F. Spence House of Medici 306 (L.) They not only deferred to his counsels in publick assemblies, but he was moreover the umpire of domestic matters. 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 8 How far we must defere to his Authority? 1792Burke Let. to Sir H. Langrishe Wks. 1842 I. 543 If you had not deferred to the judgment of others. 1855Prescott Philip II, i. ix. (1857) 165 Philip..had the good sense to defer to the long experience and the wisdom of his father. 1870Bryant Iliad I. i. 31 And let me warn my mother, Wise as she is, that she defer to Jove. |