| 释义 |
steerage|ˈstɪərɪdʒ|
Forms: 5–7 sterage, 6–7 stirrage, 7 stearage, -idge, (styrage, stieridge), 7–8 steeridge, (7 -edge, 8 -adge), 6– steerage.
[f. steer v.1 + -age.]
1. The action, practice or method of steering a boat or ship; the guidance of a balloon or airship, rarely of a carriage.
c1450Brut ii. 435 The foreseide barge, thorough mysgouernaunce of sterage, fill vpon the pilis. 1599Hakluyt Voy. I. 602 The English shippes vsing their prerogatiue of nimble stirrage..came often times very neere vpon the Spaniards. 1654J. P. Tyrants & Protectors 33 These Pilots by their ill steerage did split their Vessels. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 193 Having a strong Steerage with my Paddle, I went at a great Rate, directly for the Wreck. 1791Smeaton Edystone L. §93 The carriages..[having] a draught-tree for steerage and yoking the cattle to. 1805Ld. Collingwood in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 242 Had we to pass them from the leeward, it would have been still more difficult, as it required nice steerage. 1914Q. Rev. Apr. 346 He discussed the problems of the propulsion and the steerage of such a body [sc. a balloon].
b. transf. of an animal or person.
1599T. M[oufet] Silkworms 73 When afterward..The Flies haue bor'd a passage through their clewes, Obserue their gate and steerage al along. 1774Ann. Reg., Misc. 193/1 If I am not very accurate in my steerage, I am sure to tumble over a pail.
c. Phrase. (to be, stand) at the steerage. lit. and fig.
1688Lond. Gaz. No. 2322/3 The Grand Signior went..in a Barge of 28 Oars,..the Bostangi Bachi..being..at the Steerage. 1731Swift On Death Swift 413 While they who at the steerage stood, And reap'd the profit, sought his blood. 1733― On Poetry 456 You raise the honour of the peerage, Proud to attend you at the steerage.
d. Of a ship: The action, method or ability of answering to the helm.
1653Fight Legorn-Road 16 Likewise was the Dutch Admiral singled out, and to the weatherward (which was occasioned by loss of her Stearidge, having her Rudder shot, as I heard). 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 146 She..roll'd very much, and made bad Steerage. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1776), Steerage is also used to express the effort of the helm; and hence Steerage-way is [etc.].
2.
†a. Management (of goods). Obs.
1487Sc. Acts Parlt. (1814) II. 178/2 Na man sale in the saidis partis in the way of merchandice bot..men haifand..half a last of gudis or samekle in sterage and gouernance.
b. The direction or government of affairs, the State, one's life. (Often with conscious metaphor.)
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. iv. 112 But he that hath the stirrage of my course, Direct my sute [1597 Qo. saile]. 1636E. Dacres tr. Machiavel's Disc. Livy Ep. Ded., Your Grace may doe well to inable your selfe for the service of your Prince and Country, that being cald for into the steerage in turbulent times, not favour onely may give you a place there. 1688Bp. Thomas in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 332, I pray God direct and prosper his steerage of the Church of England in these tempestuous times. 1783Cowper Let. J. Newton 15 Dec., Wks. 1837 XV. 142 But now we float..as the wind drives us; for want of..that steerage which invention..may be expected to supply. 1808Scott Marm. i. Introd. 116 [He] With dying hand the rudder held, Till, in his fall, with fateful sway, The steerage of the realm gave way! 1831W. L. Bowles Life Bp. Ken II. xi. 190 Under the firm steerage of Walpole..the vessel of state held its way through all the storms of faction.
c. A course held or steered, esp. a course of conduct.
a1625Webster & Rowley Cure for Cuckold iv. ii, He bore his steerage true in every part, Led by the Compass of a noble heart. 1645Milton Tetrach. 41 If we marke the stearage of his words, what course they hold. 1789Triumphs Fortitude I. 45, I would wish always to keep a steerage, rather than to be carried away by the stream of dissipation. 1827Baroness Bunsen in Hare Life I. viii. 296 There are no rocks, no shoals, for him whose steerage is ever regulated according to the true compass of the soul.
3. The steering apparatus
a. of a boat.
1857P. Colquhoun Comp. Oarsman's Guide 30 The term steerage includes yoke-lines, yoke, and rudder. 1869R. H. Blake-Humfrey Eton Boating Bk. (1875) 45 note, This year [1845]..Silver Oars and Steerage [were given] to the winners of the Pulling.
b. of an agricultural machine. In quot. attrib.
1884West Sussex Gaz. 25 Sept., Capital front-steerage 13-coulter seed and corn drill,..steerage horse hoe.
c. steerage of his wings: Dryden's rendering of L. remigium alarum, meaning wings viewed as instruments of rowing.
1697Dryden æneis vi. 24 Dedalus..here alighting, built this costly Frame. Inscrib'd to Phœbus, here he hung on high The steerage of his Wings. 1700― Ceyx & Alcyone 351. 1870 J. Ingelow Four Sonnets iv, When..Down the steep slope of a long sunbeam brought, He[i.e. the eagle] stirs the wheat with the steerage of his wings.
4. That division of the after part of a ship which is immediately in front of the chief cabin; the second cabin. Also called † steerage room.
In the 16th and 17th c. this was the place from which the ship was steered. Early in the 18th c. the wheel was placed on the open deck, so that the vessel was no longer steered from the ‘steerage’, which, however, retained its name.
1612R. Coverte Voy. 24 The Merchants had some 10000 l. lying betweene the maine Maste and the Stearidge. 1627Capt. Smith Sea Gram. ii. 11 The Stearage. The Stearage roome, is before the great Cabin, where he that steareth the Ship doth alwaies stand. 1644H. Manwayring Seamans Dict., The Stieridge is the place where they Steere, out of which they may see the leech of the sailes. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World 25 This insolence being carried on in the steeradge. 1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780), Steerage, an apartment without the great cabin of a ship, from which it is separated by a thin partition. In large ships of war it is used as a hall through which it is necessary to pass, to arrive at, or depart from the great cabin. In merchant-ships it is generally the habitation of the inferior officers and ship's crew. 1834Marryat P. Simple xvi, I went down into the most solitary place in the steerage, that I might enjoy it [a letter] without interruption. 1840R. H. Dana Bef. Mast xxiii. 71 The mate came down into the steerage, in fine trim for fun. 1864R. Semmes Cruise Alabama & Sumter I. 269 Passing through the ward-room, the visitor entered the gun⁓room, or ‘steerage’, allotted on the starboard side to the midshipmen, and on the port to the engineers. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Steerage,..that part of the ship next below the quarter-deck, immediately before the bulkhead of the great cabin in most ships of war. The portion of the 'tween-decks just before the gun-room bulkhead.
5. The part of a passenger ship allotted to those passengers who travel at the cheapest rate. Also quasi-advb. in to go, travel steerage.
The steerage is now usually in the bow and on a lower deck.
1804W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) I. 94 They sleep in the steerage, and leave the cabin to myself. 1816R. Buchanan Propelling Vessels by Steam 24 Before the engine is the steerage or second cabin. 1822J. Flint Lett. fr. America 287 There were twelve cabin passengers..and about an equal number of persons in the steerage. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xvii, It being necessary for me to observe strict economy, I took my passage in the steerage. 1892E. Reeves Homeward Bound 124 In the steerage we are told the thermometer reaches 109° in the shade. In our saloon 90° to 100° is the highest. 1906Westm. Gaz. 20 June 4/2 He travelled steerage with a ship of emigrants.
6. attrib. and Comb., as steerage door, steerage-hole, steerage-house, steerage passage, steerage-power; steerage country U.S., the open space in the middle of the steerage of a man-of-war, not occupied by berths or state-rooms (Cent. Dict.); steerage mess, steerage officer U.S. (see quots.); steerage-passenger, one who occupies a berth in the steerage (sense 5) of a passenger-vessel; † steerage room = sense 4; steerage-way, a way or motion sufficient for the helm to have effect; also fig.
a1625N. Roberts in Purchas Pilgrims II. 1578 Putting his foot against the *Steeredge doore.
1855Browning Bp. Blougram's Apol. 357 Though you proved me doomed To a viler berth still, to the *steerage-hole.
1842Dickens Amer. Notes xi. (1850) 108/2 There is no visible deck, even: nothing but a long, black, ugly roof..; above which tower two iron chimneys..and a glass *steerage-house.
1891H. Patterson Naut. Dict. 364 *Steerage Mess. This mess is composed of midshipmen, ensigns, clerks and mates.
Ibid. 386 *Steerage Officers, midshipmen, cadet midshipmen, mates, cadet engineers, and ensigns when they do not perform duty as regular watch officers.
1849Lever Con Cregan xix. I. 298, I took a *steerage passage.
1822J. Flint Lett. fr. America 91 A *steerage passenger pays only about half the freight that is charged for a passage in the cabin of a ship. 1840Hood Up the Rhine 50 The deck of a steamer is supposed to be divided amidships by an imaginary line, aft of which the steerage passengers are expected not to intrude.
1869Chamb. Jrnl. 29 May 338/1 By making the paddle-wheels revolve in opposite directions..perfect *steerage-power is obtained.
1626Capt. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 11 In the *stearage roome, the whip, the bittakell, the trauas boord, the Compasse.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1780) Z 3 b, A..ship..in a very light wind, and scarcely having *steerage-way. 1868Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. Shaks. once more (1870) 211 Hamlet..never keeps on one tack long enough to get steerage-way. |