| 释义 |
▪ I. steelyard1 Hist.|ˈstiːljɑːd|
Forms: α. (5 stileyerd, stil-, styliarde, -ierd, -ȝerd), 6 stiliard, (stuliard, -yard), 6–7 stilyard, (6 stwyl-, stylyarde), stilliard(e, (6 stylliarde, 7 styllard, stilliart, stillyart, stilliyard), 6–7, 9 stillyard (6 -yarde). β. 6 stel(e)yard(e, 6–7, 9 steelyard, 7–9 steel-yard.
[f. steel n.1 + yard n.1; a mistranslation of MLG. stâlhof (whence G. stahlhof in historical use), f. stâl sample, pattern + hof courtyard. The word stâl, pattern, being homophonous with the word for steel, the meaning of the compound was misunderstood.]
1. The place on the north bank of the Thames above London Bridge where the Merchants of the Hanse had their establishment. Also, the merchants collectively.
[1394in N. & Q. Ser. x. VI. 413/2 In civitate Londonia..in Curia Calibis.] 1474in Rymer Foedera (1710) XI. 796/1 Quandam Curiam Londoniæ sitam vocatam Staelhoeff aliàs Stylgerd [? read Stylȝerd]. 1475Rolls of Parlt. VI. 123/1 The said Merchauntes of the Hanze, shuld have a certeyn place within the Citee of London, called the Stylehof, otherwise called the Stileyerd. Ibid., Where the Maire and Communaltie of the Cite of London, be seased in their demeane as in fee, of the said place called the Stilehof, otherwise called the Stileyerd. 1493Wriothesley Chron. (Camden) I. 3 This yeare was a risinge of yonge men againste the Stiliarde. 1546Acts Privy Council N.S. I. 360 Bernarde Emeke and Symonde Percevall, merchauntes of the Stwylyarde. 1551–2Edw. VI Jrnl. (Roxb.) 390 This day the stiliard put in their aunswere to a certen complaint that they merchauntis adventurers laid against them. 1610J. More in Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 90 Such..of their goods as remains in the Styllard and other places of this town. a1648Ld. Herbert Hen. VIII (1649) 320 Which Act yet was not extended to the Merchants of the Stillyart. 1752Carte Hist. Eng. III. 266 The merchants of the Hanse or (as they were commonly called from their house in an open place where steel had been formerly sold) of the steel-yard. 1885Pall Mall Gaz. 13 June 5 To the midst of the present century, when the last stillyard was converted into a London railway terminus.
b. A similar establishment in a provincial town.
1474in Rymer Foedera (1710) XI. 796/1 Item, in Villa de Boston Curiam de Staelhoeff, aliàs dictam Stylierd. 1601in P. Thompson Hist. Boston (1856) 247 [An acre of land] at the Steelyards. 1676J. Logan in Guillim's Her. (1679) ii. 178 Leaving us its large Vaults, Ware-houses, Cellarages, Drapery, Steel-yard, and public Halls, as indications of its [sc. Coventry's] former opulency and splendour. 1856P. Thompson Hist. Boston 339 The ancient custom-house at Boston was called the ‘Stylyard's House’. 1890Gross Gild Merch. I. 154 note, It is said that there were German Hanse societies or ‘steelyards’ in Hull, York, Newcastle, Boston, and Lynn.
c. A tavern within the precincts of the Steelyard where ‘Rhenish wine’ was sold.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse Supplic. F i b, Men, when they are idle, and know not what to do, saith one, let vs goe to the Stilliard, and drinke Rhenish wine. 1607B. Barnes Divils Charter iii. v. F 3, Till they transported..By Charon, Ferriman of Black Auerne, Fall Anchor at the Stilliard Tauerne. 1636J. Taylor (Water P.) Trav. through Signes Zodiack D 7, There are foure Houses in London that doe sell Rhennish Wine, inhabited onely by Dutchmen; namely. The Stilliyard [etc.].
2. attrib. and Comb. with the sense ‘of or pertaining to the Steelyard,’ ‘produced in or distributed through the Steelyard’.
1551–2Edw. VI Lit. Rem. (Roxb.) 509 It were good the Stiliard men ware for this time gentelly aunswerid. a1552Leland Itin. viii. 59 The staple and the stiliard houses yet there [sc. Boston] remayne. 1593A. Chute in G. Harvey's Pierces Super. G g 2, The Rhennish furie of thy braine, Incenst with hot fume of a Stilliard Clime. 1593G. Harvey Ibid. D d 1, His Stilliard hatt in his drousie eyes. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Coquillé, Pain coquillé, a fashion of an hard⁓crusted loafe, somewhat like our Stillyard Bunne. 1657Burton's Diary (1828) I. 181 We make no distinction of Hambrough or stillyard merchants.
▪ II. steelyard2|ˈstiːljɑːd|
Forms: α. 7–8 stiliard, -yard, stilliard, (7 stilard), 8 still-yard. β. 7 steeleyard, 8– steelyard, steel-yard.
[f. steel n.1 + yard n.2; the formation was prob. suggested by the existence of steelyard1.
The following passage has been supposed to be an example of this word:
1531in Lett. & Papers For. & Dom. Hen. VIII, V. 104/2 [The beam of] le Hanzes Hangis, [called] the Stilliarde Beme.
But prob. ‘Stilliarde Beme’ means the public weighing scales kept at the Steelyard. The relation to the older word stelleer, which rests ultimately on the sole authority of Cotgrave, is obscure.]
A balance consisting of a lever with unequal arms, which moves on a fulcrum; the article to be weighed is suspended from the shorter arm, and a counterpoise is caused to slide upon the longer arm until equilibrium is produced, its place on this arm (which is notched or graduated) showing the weight: = Roman balance (Roman a.1 15 a). Also pl. and a pair of steelyards.
1639Act in Arch. Maryland (1883) I. 79 No more shall be demanded for sealing of a pair of Steeleyards..then the fee..for sealing of a measure. 1650B. Discolliminium 16 It must be weighed..at the most just..beam the State hath,..not at every Souldiers petty Stilliards. 1682–90Hooke Posth. Wks. (1705) 565 If on a Stilyard a weight of thirty Pound be hung at thirty times the distance from the Center that a weight of nine hundred Pounds is hung, the Stilyard shall remain in æquilibrio. a1790Warton Prol. Old Winch. Playhouse 23 Hither your steelyards, Butchers, bring, to weigh The pound of flesh, Anthonio's bond must pay! 1849Longfellow Kavanagh xi. Pr. Wks, 1886 II. 322 He likewise weighed all the babies. There was hardly a child in town that had not hung beneath his steelyards. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 349 Railway luggage is weighed by means of a strong iron steelyard.
attrib.1777Birmingham Directory 5 Beach, Thomas, Stilliard maker. |