| 释义 |
▪ I. † steek, n.1 Sc. Obs. rare.
Also steik.
[a. Flemish or LG. stuk, stik piece (= G. stück).]
= piece n. in certain commercial uses: a. a cask of wine; b. a coin of specified value; a ‘piece’ of work (cf. maisterstik s.v. masterpiece).
1468Extracts Burgh Rec. Edin. (1869) I. 23 Of Rynche wyne becaus of greitt steikes of ilk crowne ijd. 1573Sat. Poems Reform. xxxix. 207 Sum gat thair handfull of thir half mark steikis. 1581Ibid. xliv. 15 That maisters of ane euil steik of vark Sould ay detest the godlie, vpricht lyf.
▪ II. steek, n.2 Sc.|stiːk|
Also steik.
[Northern ME. *stĭk(e, *stēk(e:—OE. stice masc., stitch n.]
1. A stitch (in needlework or knitting).
1737Ramsay Sc. Prov. 30 For want of a steek a shoe may be tint. 1786Burns Twa Dogs 57 A bonie, silken purse..whare thro' the steeks, The yellow letter'd Geordie keeks. 1823Galt Entail I. iv. 31 With the help of a steek or twa of darning..it would do very well. 1900R. J. Muir Myst. Muncraig iii. 46 Ye maun e'idently watch every turn o' the shears and every steek o' the needle.
fig. phrase.1822Galt Sir A. Wylie ii, I hope ye'll allow me to gie her an opportunity to tak up the steik in her stocking. 1834–5M. Scott Cruise Midge xi, When the steek in my father's purse, let down by my mother's spiritual propensities, was taken up.
b. every steek: every ‘stitch’ (of clothing, etc.).
1820Scott Monast. xxxv, They would tirl every steek of claithes from our back. 1894Crockett Raiders x, We could see the king's ship coming..wi' every steek o' canvas set.
c. Phr. to keep steeks with; to keep pace or time with.
a1801R. Gall Tint Quey 39 Poems (1819) 27 Then wi' her hands her tongue kept steeks. 1896Crockett Grey Man vi. 42 The wearers of the butcher's colours had enough to do to keep steeks with us.
2. A strenuous spell or turn of an occupation.
1895Crockett Men of Moss-Hags xxv. 185, I had given up all thought of escape, and was putting in hard steeks at the praying. 1912A. Reid Forfar Worthies 86 Aff I ran at a fine steek.
▪ III. steek, n.3 north.|stiːk|
Also 8 stick.
[? f. steek v.1]
A strike (of workmen).
α1768Ann. Reg. 92/2 The keelmen of Sunderland made a stick, refusing to work. 1825Brockett N.C. Gloss., Stick, or Strike, a stand or combination among workmen.
β1844M. A Richardson Local Hist. Table Bk., Leg. Div II. 2 A somewhat serious disagreement between the keelmen of the Tyne and their employers, which ended in a steek of long continuance. 1862Smiles Engineers III. 10 They were..hard workers, but very wild and uncouth; much given to ‘steeks’, or strikes.
▪ IV. steek, v.1 Chiefly (now only) Sc. and north.|stiːk|
Forms: 2–5 steken, (2 Ormin stekenn), 4–5 stekye, 4–7 steke, (5 stek), 5–9 Sc. steik, (6 steike), 8–9 north. steck; Sc. and north. 6–9 steak, 7, 9 steick, 7– steek; pa. tense 3, 5 stake, 4 stac, 5 stak, 4–5 stoke; 5 steked, 7 steek't, 9 north. steak'd; Sc. 4 stekyte, stekit, -yt, steikit, 7 steeked, 9 stieket, steekit; pa. pple. 3–4 isteke, 4–5 y-steke, steke, 5 Sc. stek, 3–6 stoken, (4 stokin), 5 stokyn, (4 Sc. stekine), 4–5 i-stoke, y-stoke, stoke; 4–5 ystekyd, (4 isteked, 5 stekid, steked); Sc. 4 stokyt, 4, 6 stekit, 6 steikket, steikit, steiked, 8–9 steekit, 9 steeked.
[Early ME. steken str. vb., prob. repr. an unrecorded OE. *stecan (*stæc, *stǽcon, *stecen). This can hardly be anything else than a developed use of the formally identical verb *stecan to thrust, stab, prick, pierce (see next), but the manner of evolution of the sense ‘to shut’ is not clear; possibly it may have arisen from the notion of fastening with a pin or bolt. Cf. ME. bisteke v.; Sweet gives an OE. bestecan ‘close, bar (door)’, which we are unable to verify.]
1. trans. To shut up, enclose, imprison (a person in a place); also with up. Also refl.
c1200Ormin 8087, & he toc iwhillc hæfedd mann..& let hemm stekenn inn an hus, & haldenn swiþe fasste. a1350Child. Jesu 257 Þe false ymages bi gunne to breke þat þe feondes weren inne i steke. 13..K. Alis. 1132 Ac yet heo is in prison stoke. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xxiii. 111 Crist..Called us fro deþ þer we weore stoke. c1400Destr. Troy 13844 Telamocus he toke,..Stake hym in a stith house. 141226 Pol. Poems xi. 5 Oure enemys..Þat hadde vs in cheynes stoken. a1450Lovelich Grail l. 202 In strong presoun they scholen ben stoke. 1816Scott Antiq. xxxvii, If they steek me up here, my friends are like eneugh to forget me.
b. To enclose, shut up (a thing in a place).
c1330Assump. Virg. 848 (Add. MS.) That floure was manna yclepid; Hit was in þe tumbe ystekyd. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1524 Goddes..Þat were of stokkes & stones..Neuer steuen hem astel, so stoken is hor tonge. c1400Destr. Troy Prol. 11 Sothe stories ben stoken vp, & straught out of mynde. 140126 Pol. Poems iii. 93 In euyl soule no grace is stoken, ffor wikked soule is graceles. c1421Ibid. xxiii. 65 While obley in yrnes, or boyst ys stoken, Hit nys but bred. 1837R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 144 An' ahint the door o' cauld disdain My heart I canna steek.
†c. ? To keep back (the truth). Obs.
c1400Cato's Morals 17 in Cursor M. App. iv. 1669 Fainteli for to speke, and þe soþ for to steke, is falsid and blame.
d. To shut out, exclude (a person or thing); to shut (a person) out (of doors).
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints ii. (Paulus) 900 Gregor sais..Þat nothir stekis fra godis mercy Of þe fel syne þe quantite Na ȝet þe gret ennormyte. 1390Gower Conf. II. 21 That what as evere I [Forgetfulness] thoghte have spoken, It is out fro myn herte stoken. 1402Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 97 Crist..hadde noon harborow, to resten in his owne heed, and steken out the stormes. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 3469 And wratthe & irous tene Out of þe herte for to spere and steke. 1595Duncan App. Etym. (E.D.S.), Discludo, secludo, to steike out. Ibid., Excludo, to steik out, to cleck. Ibid., Secludo, to steak out. 1792A. Wilson Watty & Meg 183 That ye'll..Never out at e'ening steek me. 1816Scott Antiquary xxxii, What for are ye steeking them out?—let them come in.
2. To shut up (a place), to close securely, to lock up.
a1225Ancr. R. 50 Lokeð þ̶ te parlurs beon euer ueste..& eke wel istekene. 1390Gower Conf. III. 314 This Cofre..thei finde faste stoke, Bot thei with craft it have unloke. c1440York Myst. xxxvii. 193 Þis steede [Hell] schall stonde no lenger stoken, Opynne vppe and latte my pepul passe. 1561Maitl. Club Misc. III. 289 Papisticall jurisdictione abolesched furth of ye same ye consistorie hows dischergit and stekyt vp. 1563Reason. betw. Crosraguel & Knox A iii b, Wo be vnto you Scribes and Pharises..for ye steak the kingdome of heauen before men:..suche as wold enter ye suffer not. 1597Skene's Acts Parl. Scot. Table s.v. Tavernes, Tavernes suld be steiked at nine houres, and na person suld be found therein.
fig.a1500Lancelot 316 This process (now) mot closine ben and stek; And furth I wil one to my matter go.
3. To shut, fasten (a door, window, etc.). Also † with to, up advs.
a1225Ancr. R. 62 Ase men wolden steken veste euerich þurl..þat heo muhten bisteken deað þer vte. c1290Becket 689 in S. Eng. Leg. 126 In þe Eueninge he bad is knaue to steken þe dore faste. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 341 Summe..vndurstonden bodily keyȝes, by whiche heuen ȝates shulden be openid and stokune. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 65 Martianus seiþ þat þe ȝates of Caspij beeþ i-steke wiþ yren barres. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 1352 He ros..And stoke to the dore anoone. c1440Gesta Rom. xlix. 220 Afterward the knyȝt come home, & he fonde the yate of his castell stoken. 1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §40 And whan the shepe are in the greate folde,..steke the gate. 1582Reg. Privy Council Scot. III. 470 The provest and baillies..hes steikit up thair buith durris. 1728Ramsay Monk & Miller's Wife 57 He knock'd, for Doors were steekit. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf ix, Will ye gie me your word..that I am free to come and free to gae, with five minutes to open the grate, and five minutes to steek it and to draw the bolts? 1828Carr Craven Gloss. s.v., Steck the door and come in. 1879G. Macdonald Sir Gibbie xxxiii, And gien 't war a fine simmer nicht 'at a body cud lie thereoot..I wad steek the door i' yer face.
b. To close, stop up (a hole, way, etc.).
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 439 Þen he stac vp þe stangez, stoped þe wellez. 1375Barbour Bruce xix. 687 We ar the fox & thai the fischer That stekis forouth ws the way. c1380Sir Ferumb. 5189 Ac þys lordes..habbeþ..þat hole aȝayn y-stoken. a1774R. Fergusson King's Birthday, The Muse maun also now implore Auld wives to steek ilk hole and bore.
c. intr. of a door, also rarely of a book.
14..Burgh Lawis xxvi. in Anc. Laws Scot. (Burgh Rec. Soc.) 14 He sall suere at he wate neuer whare the dure opynnis na stekis of hym fra wham he bocht that ilke forsayde thyng. 1683G. Meriton Yorksh. Dial. 51 Ile Swear 't upon all Beauks, that opens and steeks. 1737Ramsay Sc. Prov. (1750) 109 When ae door steeks anither opens.
4. trans. To shut (the mouth, eyes, ears, heart). to steek one's gab: see gab n.3
1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 11224 But leuer ys me my mouþe to steke Þan y spak oȝt oute of skorne. a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 51 Steke thyn eghne fro fowle syghtes, thyn heres fro foule herynges, thy mouthe fro foule speche. 142126 Pol. Poems xviii. 130 Fro wordis of vanyte, ȝoure lippes steke. a1500Lancelot 1651 For qwho his eris frome the puple stekith,..His dom sall be ful grewous. 16..Gude & Godlie Ball. (S.T.S.) 238 Thow steik thy Ene fra warldis vanitie. 1723Ramsay Fair Assembly xiv, These lips she ne'er should steek. 1786Burns Earnest Cry & Prayer xxx, Sages their solemn een may steek. 1818Scott Rob Roy xxix, I redd ye keep your mouth better steekit, if ye hope to speed. 1893Stevenson Catriona xv, The hand of him aye cawed the shuttle, but his een was steeked.
5. absol. To close a place, lock a door.
a1400Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 51 It es callede ‘cloyster’ for it closys and steskys [? read stekys], and warely sall be lokkede. c1400Apol. Loll. (Camden) 34 No man is worþi..noiþer to lowse þat he byndiþ, ne to bynd þat he lowsiþ, befor þat he ȝeuiþ þe key, and kenniþ to opun and to steyke. a1500Ratis Raving i. 466 Wertews..That beris the ȝettis of thi resone Tyll opin and stek with discreccione.
Hence steeked, ˈsteeking ppl. adjs.
1710Ruddiman Gloss. Douglas' æneis s.v. Steik, As we say Scot...a steeked neive. 1732J. Louthian Process Crt. Justiciary Scot. (1752) 137 And also, that ye make steiked and lock-fast Gates..open. 1790J. Fisher Poems 68 Then cam' he to a steeking slap, Fu cannily he shot it back. 1897N. Munro John Splendid i, The burghers of Inneraora..slept, stark and sound, behind their steeked shutters.
▪ V. steek, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 4–6 steke, 5–6 Sc. steik, 6 steek(e, 6, 9 north. steak. pa. tense 4–6 stak, 4–5 stakk, 5 stake, (Sc. stakke), 4 stoke; 4 stekede, 4–5 Sc. stekit, -yt, 5 stekyd, stekid. pa. pple. 4–5 steke, 6 steek; 4 stoken, 4–5 stokyn, 6 Sc. stokin, 5 stoke; 4 i-stekid, -yd, stekid, 5 stekede, 7 steaked, 4–6 Sc. stekit; 6 Sc. stokit.
[ME. steke (pa. tense stak, pa. pple. steke, stoken); recorded only from 14th c., but prob. repr. OE. *stecan (pa. tense *stæc, *stǽcon, pa. pple. *stecen) = OFris. steka, OS. stekan (LG., Du. steken), OHG. stehhan (MHG., mod.G. stechen); the WGer. root *stek- (: *stak-) is an alteration of OTeut. *stik-: see stick v.1
As the ME. stĭke (:—OE. stician: see stick v.1) would normally become stēke in certain northern dialects (cf. prēke prick v.), it is probable that some of the examples below may strictly belong to stick v.1 In ME. the two cognate and partly synonymous vbs. were confused together; the originally strong vb. steke was often conjugated weak, and on the other hand its strong pa. tense and pple. ultimately came to be associated with the originally weak stick v.1]
1. trans. To pierce, stab; to transfix. Also, to thrust (a spear, etc.) through. Also fig.
c1320Sir Tristr. 2999 Mine hert hye haþ y steke, Brengwain briȝt and fre, Þat frende. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 13047 Helmes bowed, & þorow were steke. 1375Barbour Bruce x. 416 [He] stekit him vpward vith ane knyff. c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 707 (Camb. MS.) Loue hath hese fery darte so brennyngely I-stekid þour myn trewe carful herte. c1386― Frankl. T. 748 (Camb. MS.), I hadde wel leuere I-stekyd for to be. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 121 For overmoche sorwe the herte is stoken and spered. c1440Promp. Parv. 111/2 Daggare, to steke wythe men, pugio. 1455in Paston Lett. I. 336 Hit was seyd..that Harpere and ij. other of the Kynges chamber were confedered to have steked the Deuk York in the Kynges chamber. c1470Henry Wallace i. 197 To cutt his throit, or steik hym sodanlye, He wayndyt nocht. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. 46 Robert Grahames hand, quhilk sa cruellie stak the king.
absol.a1613[see snick or snee 1].
2. To fix (a thing) by thrusting in its point or the point of an attached pin, etc.; also, to fix (a thing) upon a point.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1372 A broche..Criseyde hym yaf and stak it on his sherte. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VI. 427 Uppon grete plates of gold was i-steked [L. figebatur] on [of] þe foure irene nayles þat Crist was i-nayled with to þe rode. c1440Pallad. on Husb. iv. 625 Another seith the rootis shal be bored, A wegge in euery boore ek shal he steke. 14..Sir Beues (O.) 2539 The dragons hede he smote of ryght, And stake it vpon his spere. 1513Douglas æneis iv. xii. 40 Thairwith, gan hir seruandis behald Hir fallin and stekit on the irn cald.
b. To fasten in position. (Without the notion of penetration.)
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2202 Hire couerchif vp-on a pole stekede she. c1440Anc. Cookery in Househ. Ord. (1790) 430 Take the greynes of pomogarnard and steke therin. c1450Mirk's Festial 128 Fyue pepynce of encens ben steked in þe paschall lyke to þe crosse. 1513Douglas æ neis vi. x. 21 At the entre, in hy The goldin branche he steikis wp fair and weill. 1843T. Wilson Pitman's Pay, etc. 109 Ahint their lugs, the Customs' sparks Ye see ne langer steekin' Their idle pens.
c. fig.
13..Guy Warw. (1891) 418 So michel sorwe is on me steke, Þat min hert it wil to-breke. a1400Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. xlix. 134 An arwe in an houndes buttoke And counseil in a foles herte istoke A-cordeþ wel. c1475Partenay 3538 At hys hert gret noysaunce gan he steke.
3. To set (oneself) in position.
c1400Sc. Trojan War ii. 210 Ande rytht besyd the hye altere..Stakke þe seluen in þe walle. 1891C. Rigby From Mids. to Martinmas iii. 24 Ye needn't be steakin' yoursell down on a seat; thear yon Mr. Hazelden int' house, been waitin' an hour on ye.
4. To set or garnish with things attached.
c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 161 A garlond..Stekid al with lylye flourys newe. c1450Bk. Curtasye 509 in Babees Bk., Tho chambur dore stekes þo vssher thenne, With preket and tortes þat conne brenne.
5. To fill full of something.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. vi. 32 Se whether drie or weet, or playn or rowe Hit be, or ful of bosh, or stones steke. c1475Partenay 3955 So with fumy smoke Was the caue Anon full As myght be stoke.
6. intr. To pierce and remain fixed (in something); to be fixed by or as by piercing.
1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5602 Þe nayles þat in his hend and fete stak. 13..Bonaventura's Medit. 910 Þe nayles stokyn so fast yn þe tre. a1400–50Wars Alex. 683 Quat sterne is it at ȝe stody on quare stekis it in heuyn? c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xiii. 58 Þe whilk brand efterwardes hitt on þe erthe and stakk still þerin and growed. c1450Lovelich Merlin 7241 This swerd to me is good tokenyng. For this same stak Jn the ston. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. v. (S.T.S.) I. 146 Þir dartis fast stekand in his targe.
7. To remain fixed where placed, to adhere.
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 458 She nadde on but a streit old sak, And many a clout on it ther stak. 13..Propr. Sanct. (Vernon MS.) in Archiv. Stud. neu. Spr. LXXXI. 89/178 What bond in eorþe þou breke, In heuene beo hit no lengore steke. Ibid. 112/90 As heore schip wolde to-breke, And neuer a pece wiþ oþur steke. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2573 And as he heng & stak Vppon þe croys, þus to þe kyng he spak.
8. Of thoughts, memories, etc.: To remain fixed and immovable in one's mind, heart, etc.
c1407Lydg. Reson & Sens. 2088 Declaringe myn oppinion..As hyt stake ryght in my thought. c1412Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 2048 The tendir loue..Vnto his herte stak and satte so nere, That..his counseill yave he clere Vnto his lord. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy iv. 2627 He gan compasse..To be venged of his woundis smerte Vp-on Troylus, þat stak ay in his mynde. 1469Marg. Paston in P. Lett. II. 364 He woost welle that her demenyng had stekyd soor at our harts. c1485Digby Myst. iii. 1256 Thys Iesu..was put to dethe.., Wheche mater stekytt In my thowth. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. II. viii. 127 Quhilk [answer] to him was the mair acceptable, that of a sinceir mynd it proceidet, and quhilk afor stak fast in his awne mynd.
9. To be hindered from proceeding.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 1453 So ar þo Nykeres faste aboute To brynge schipmen þer hit ys doute, To som swelw to turne or steke. c1386Chaucer Man of Law's T. 411 (Camb. MS.) For in northumbyrlond the wawis hire caste And in þe se hire schip steked so faste. 1513Douglas æneis ii. xii. 27 Speik mycht I nocht, the voce in my hals sa stak. 1533Bellenden Livy ii. ii. (S.T.S.) I. 136 This multitude of quhete discending throw tiber abaid and stak stil in þe schald wattir þareof. 1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 20 Thei..so corrupted the boke that the simple reder might ofte tymes be taryed and steek. 1583Leg. Bp. St. Androis 162 in Sat. Poems Reform. 358 His schip come never on the schalde, But stak still on the ancker halde. 1603J. Davies (Heref.) Microcosmos (Grosart) 13/2 So, thoughts in them, so one another woo To be out first, and so the same doe seeke, That in the Portall of the minde they steeke.
10. To project, stick out.
c1400Destr. Troy 3758 Stokyn ene out stepe with a streught loke.
11. Of a person: To cling tenaciously to.
1535Joye Apol. Tindale (Arb.) 39 Here thou seist whother Tindale is brought for so supersticyously steking to onely one significaccion of this worde Resurrectio.
12. To demur, hesitate.
1478J. Paston in P. Lett. III. 219, I comend with my brodyr..of syche maters as ye wold have amendyd in the bylle that he sent on to yow, and he stake not gretly at it. 1573G. Harvey Letter Bk. (Camden) 2 As thei them selues have sinc not steekid to tel me. 1579Ibid. 60, I will not steeke to bestowe so mutch in exhibition uppon the University.
▪ VI. steek, v.3 Sc. and north.|stiːk|
Forms: 6 steke, styk, stike, steik, stick, 9 steek.
[f. steek n.1]
1. trans. To stitch.
1502Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 198 For i pund cottoune to it [ane doublat] to steik it with, iij s. 1513Douglas æneis iv. v. 163 Ane purpour claith..Fetisly stekit with prynnit goldin thredis. 1540Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. VII. 389 To be ane doublate to the Kingis grace cuttit and stekit upoun caddes, thre elnis blak sating. 1552Ibid. X. 123 Item, v unce Paris silk to styk the samin [cloik]. 1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Actilia, Stuffed with caddes, and stiked verie thick with threid. 1886Willock Rosetty Ends (1887) 148 Wi' a stockin' needle an' a bit worsit he steekit it on the inside o' the collar.
2. intr. To sew.
1865Janet Hamilton Poems (1870) 183 An' four bonnie lassies were needlin' an' steekin'. 1871S. S. Jones Northumbld. 20/2 Sae I gaed on, aye steek steekin.
Hence steeked ppl. a.
1503Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 204 Item, for ij elne iij quartaris satin, to be ane steikit doublat to the King. 1531Ibid. VI. 17 Ane stikkit doublet. 1541–2Ibid. VIII. 63 Item, gevin to the tapescher for ane stekit matt to hir, xxxvs. 1578Invent R. Wardr. Scot. (1815) 211 Twa steikit coveringis of beddis of holane claith. Ibid., Ane auld stickit covering of grene taffetie. |